<p>The River Crane, a tributary of the River Thames, is a river running through west London, England, It is 8.5 miles  long and flows entirely within Greater London. The Crane flows through three London boroughs: Hillingdon,</p><br>
<p>Hounslow and Richmond upon Thames.</p><br>
<h2>Location</h2><br>
<p>Its source is a point south of North Hyde Road in Hayes, Hillingdon, from where its course is near semi-circular to the south then east, joining the River Thames in two places: on the border of St Margarets with Isleworth and by Riverside Mill and Helene House, Isleworth.</p><br>
<p>Passing through Cranford, the river crosses Cranford Park, skirts the eastern side of Heathrow Airport (formerly the Heathrow Heath part of Hounslow Heath) and Hounslow Heath where the Duke of Northumberlands River, a tributary, and distributary of the River Colne joins the Crane (which passes to the south of London Heathrow Airport before joining the Crane). From this point, the Crane turns gradually east and passes through Crane Park (in Whitton, Twickenham). In Crane Park is the site of the Hounslow Powder Mills which were built in the 16th century and continued to make gunpowder until 1927. The mills have disappeared, but the Shot Tower still stands nearby. The large millpool on an island above the mills is now a Local Nature Reserve, Crane Park Island. The river then turns to the north-east in Twickenham to join the Thames at Isleworth with a distributary splitting off (forming a second section of the Dukes River) running through Kneller Gardens — the Crane itself flows east through Cole Park in Twickenham on the border of St Margarets, where it forms its border with Isleworth. The Duke&#39;s River is tidal for the short distance below the weir by the bridge in Church Street, Isleworth, to its confluence with the Thames. In Isleworth it has been diverted to flow through Mogden Sewage Treatment Works, where it provides coolant for the power station, but the treated effluent is not placed in it but is piped to the Thames at Isleworth Ait.</p><br>
<p>The River Crane is the boundary between the London boroughs of Hillingdon and Hounslow. Around Hanworth and Twickenham, and Isleworth and St. Margarets it is also the boundary between the London boroughs of Hounslow and Richmond.</p><br>
<p>When extending the Piccadilly line from Hounslow West to Heathrow Airport, the high water table of the ground beneath the river made it impractical to tunnel under the river, so the line rises from tunnels to cross over it.</p><br>
<h2>Etymology</h2><br>
<p>Its name is a back-formation from Cranford, London, formerly being called the Cranford River.</p><br>
<h2>Tributaries</h2><br>
<p>The only above ground tributaries of the Crane are:</p><br>
<p>Duke of Northumberland&#39;s River 8.5 miles (13.6 km): this is in two sections, from the River Colne, Hertfordshire to Hounslow; and Whitton to Isleworth, who built a short offshoot to supply his lake at Syon Park. It is a man-made watercourse which draws a similar amount of water from the Crane catchment basin by taking some water from it at Baber Bridge by Hounslow Heath Golf Course.</p><br>
<p>The Yeading Brook is the Cranes upper reach and is 16 miles (25.8 km) long, (before the 19th century also referred to as the River Fishbourne) rises in the ground between the northwest London suburbs of Pinner and Harrow rises (in part) from Headstone Manor moat, and follows a meandering course through North Harrow, southern parts of Ruislip then through Ickenham Marsh nature reserve, skirts Northolt Aerodrome west of Northolt — at the south of the aerodrome the Roxbourne Brook joins it, also seen in maps as the Yeading Brook (East Arm) from Roxeth, South Harrow. Here the Hillingdon Trail runs through parkland which separates Yeading from Hayes as the river travels ESE south through and finally turns south in the east of the towns to pass through Bulls Brook Business Park which is its final stretch before becoming the Crane directly west of the A312 "The Parkway" and of the Bulls Bridge junction of arms of the Grand Union Canal. This junction is the tripoint of Hayes/Harlington/Cranford.</p><br>
<h2>Pollution incidents</h2><br>
<p>On 4 October 2013, a local newspaper web site reported</p><br>
<p>"The Environment Agency (EA) has launched an investigation into a pollution incident at the River Crane in which appeared to have killed many fish. The agency was called into action following several reports from members of the public that a section of the river at Twickenham had turned black and fish were seen in distress.</p><br>
<p>The source of the pollution has been traced to an outfall pipe upstream of the A30, and EA officers are at the scene working with partners to minimise the impact of the incident."</p><br>
<p>On 7 October 2013, there appeared to be a temporary coffer dam with filled sandbags across part of the river, immediately north of the point where the London Underground Picadiily Line (and four conduits carrying unknown services) crosses the river. A bulk road tanker labelled "non hazardous product" was seen with flexible hoses connected to the pool above the dam.</p><br>
<p>The Crane Valley Partnership reported that the Environment Agency have traced the source to a fractured main (probably caused by illegal ground works) carrying sewage sludge between the Mogden sewage works and Iver, Buckinghamshire. The escaping sludge found its way into the river via surface water sewers.</p><br>
<p>On 29–31 October 2011, a large but unknown quantity of raw sewage was deliberately diverted into the Crane. A two-metre valve jammed shut on Saturday morning at Cranford Bridge on the A4 Bath Road while Thames Water engineers carried out routine maintenance. Unable to force the valve back open, they arranged for the backed-up sewage to be taken away in tanker lorries for treatment. The volume of sewage was such that they were unable to remove it fast enough by tanker. Faced with the choice of letting the remaining sewage back up into the airport or spill to the River Crane, they opted for the latter, resulting in sewage entering the river and damaging wildlife. Sewage spilled intermittently into the river until 3am on Monday. This resulted in the death of over 3,000 fish. A full assessment of the damage caused is still ongoing.</p><br>
<p>Reynoldstown is a historic district and neighborhood on the near east side of Atlanta, Georgia located only 2 miles from downtown. The neighborhood is gentrifying and attracting new families, empty-nesters, Atlantans opposed to long commutes; as well as diverse culture of first-time homebuyers, single professionals, artist and students due to its close proximity to other nearby intown neighborhoods, high walkability index, urban amenities and nearby bohemian hotspots on Carroll Street in the adjoined-at-the-hip also historic Cabbagetown neighborhood and in other surrounding communities.</p><br>
<h2>Crime</h2><br>
<p>The was founded by a small group of concerned Cabbagetown residents who wanted to be proactive about fighting crime in their community and was later joined by residents of Reynoldstown. CRiSP provides additional police and private security presence in Reynoldstown and Cabbagetown, helping to make the communities safer and to improve the quality of life for residents and visitors.</p><br>
<h2>Geography</h2><br>
<p>Reynoldstown is bordered on the west by Pearl Street, across which is Cabbagetown and, south of Memorial Drive, Grant Park; on the east by Moreland Avenue and Edgewood; on the south by I-20, across which is the Ormewood Park neighborhood and an industrial area which is officially part of Grant Park; and on the north by the railroad line and Inman Park.</p><br>
<p>Reynoldstown lies in NPU N. It is listed on the National Register of Historic Places as a historic district. Local landmarks include the Colgate Mattress Factory, Trees Atlanta headquarters and nursery, and the former Atlanta & West Point Railroad depot, which now houses a restaurant.</p><br>
<h2>History and demographics</h2><br>
<p>Reynoldstown is a community that was originally settled after the American Civil War by freed slaves who were employed by the railroad. Madison and Sarah Reynolds were among the first ex-slaves to move into the area, and it is believed that the neighborhood was named after them. Reynoldstown was annexed by the city of Atlanta in 1909 and celebrates its historic tie to freed slave roots and artistic expressions to empower residents with its annual. The neighborhood continued to thrive and prosper until the 1950s when it was nearly 100% African-American populated, when the railroad industry began to decline. Reynoldstown began gentrifying in the 1990s, altering the demographic makeup of the neighborhood where today it is closer to a mix of 65% white and 35% African-American population composition. The neighborhood was listed as a Historic District on the National Register of Historic Places in 2003.</p><br>
<h2>Parks and trails</h2><br>
<p>The BeltLine bisects Reynoldstown north-south. It functions as a paved walking and biking trail, and possibly for transit use (either light rail or streetcar). Just North of Reynoldstown in Inman Park adjacent the intersection of Krog St and Irwin St, part of The Beltline, is paved from here to Piedmont Park through Inman Park, Old Fourth Ward, Poncey-Highland and Virginia-Highland. The CSX railroad Hulsey Yard forms the northern border of the neighborhood, a current issue is how to connect the southeast BeltLine to the Eastside Trail portion of the BeltLine across the yard. The southern wall of the yard on Wylie Street in Reynoldstown and Cabbagetown is a prominent location for street art in Atlanta. Lang-Carson Park (3.24 acre) also lies within Reynoldstown.</p><br>
<h2>Transportation</h2><br>
<p>Memorial Drive is the major thoroughfare passing through the south end of Reynoldstown, with mostly light industrial properties, many of which are now repurposed for residential, retail and entertainment use. Reynoldstown contains rail right-of-way that is planned for the Beltline. Reynoldstown is served by the Inman Park/Reynoldstown MARTA station.</p><br>
<p>The General Electric Building, also known as 570 Lexington Avenue, is a historic 50-floor, 640 ft-tall, skyscraper in Midtown Manhattan, New York City, at the southwest corner of Lexington Avenue and 51st Street). Originally known as the RCA Victor Building when designed in 1931 by John W. Cross of Cross & Cross, it is sometimes known by its address to avoid confusion with the much later renaming &ndash; in 1988 &ndash; of the RCA Building at 30 Rockefeller Plaza as the "GE Building", itself later renamed the "Comcast Building".</p><br>
<p>The building was designated a New York City landmark in 1985, and was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 2004.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>At the time that RCA Victor commissioned this building, it was a subsidiary of General Electric. The company then moved its headquarters to Rockefeller Center, and this building was deeded over to the parent company. The university formed a joint venture with Mendik Company and Quantum Realty Partners and refurbished the building in 1994. Mendik bought out Columbia in 2001. Tower 570 Company, LP, an affiliate of the Feil Organization, is the buildings current owner.</p><br>
<h2>Architecture</h2><br>
<p>The buildings 50-floor stylized Gothic octagonal brick tower, with elaborate Art Deco decorations of lightning bolts showing the power of electricity, grows out of the round-cornered base with elaborate masonry and architectural figural sculpture, to form "one of the most expressive skyscrapers of its era." The building was designed to blend with the low Byzantine dome of St. Bartholomews Church on Park Avenue and shares the same brick color, with terra cotta decorations chosen to coordinate. The crown of the building is an example of Gothic tracery, which is intended to represent electricity and radio waves, and is lit from within at night. On the corner above the building&#39;s main entrance is a clock with the cursive GE logo and a pair of disembodied silver arms holding bolts of electricity.</p><br>
<p>The AIA Guide to New York City says that the buildings "Art Deco details at both street and sky are both sumptuous and exuberant." A "major example" of Art Deco architecture, the style is "both symbolic and expressive of the buildings function," according to the New York City Landmarks Preservation Commission.</p><br>
<p>After the building was donated to Columbia University, it was extensively renovated by Ernest de Castro of the WCA Design Group.</p><br>
<p>Storm King Mountain is along the west bank of the Hudson River south of Cornwall-on-Hudson, New York. Together with Breakneck Ridge on the opposite bank of the river it forms "Wey-Gat" or Wind Gate, the picturesque northern gateway to the Hudson Highlands. Its distinctive curved ridge is the most prominent aspect of the view south down Newburgh Bay, from Newburgh, Beacon, and the Newburgh-Beacon Bridge. It can also be seen by southbound travelers on nearby sections of the New York State Thruway. This view was popular with early artists of the Hudson River School, and helped give them their name.</p><br>
<p>While thought of as the highest in the area, its summit reaching approximately 1,340 ft above sea level, the eastern summit officially known as Butter Hill is actually higher, at 1,380 ft in elevation.</p><br>
<h2>Name</h2><br>
<p>On his initial voyage up the river, Henry Hudson and his crew called the mountain Klinkesberg, due to its wrinkled rock cliffs near the river. The name failed to stick, however.</p><br>
<p>Later, the early Dutch colonists of the region referred to the mountain simply as "Boterberg" (from which Butter Hill came, since the mountain looked like a lump of butter). In the middle of the 19th century, writer Nathaniel Parker Willis, who had taken up residence in the region, proposed the name:</p><br>
<p>The nearby Storm King School and Storm King Art Center, as well as some other local businesses, have also taken the name. The section of NY 218 that winds around the eastern slope of the mountain overlooking the river was originally built as the Storm King Highway. Today that name is often used for the four-lane section of US 9W to the west, with 218 referred to as the Old Storm King Highway.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>In 1962 the mountain became the focus of a landmark environmental battle when local activists formed the Scenic Hudson Preservation Coalition (today known as just Scenic Hudson) to fight against plans by utility Consolidated Edison to cut away part of the mountain near the river and build a pump storage hydro-electric plant complete with transmission lines across the Hudson River for an ambitious power generating scheme which would also have entailed creating a reservoir in much of what is now Black Rock Forest. In a lawsuit brought by the coalition, a judge ruled for the first time that environmentalists had standing to challenge executive branch decisions in federal court. In 1979 Con Ed finally abandoned even a greatly scaled-down version of the project, and settled a parallel lawsuit brought against their Indian Point facility by agreeing to regulate the operation of their Hudson River power plants so as to minimize the number of fish they killed and endow the Hudson River Foundation with $12 million.</p><br>
<p>After forest fires on the mountain during the dry summer of 1999, unexploded ordnance left over from 19th century artillery training at the nearby United States Military Academy was discovered in some areas close to the trails. As a result the mountain was closed to hiking until October 2002, when authorities could be sure it had been safely removed.</p><br>
<p>On February 20, 2011, the NYPD rescued two wayward Fourth Class "plebes" from the United States Military Academy nearby, who stranded themselves 500 feet up on the southern cliff face while rappelling.</p><br>
<h2>Climb</h2><br>
<p>The mountain is the centerpiece of Storm King State Park. With wide views of the river and surrounding areas, both Storm King and Butter Hill summits are highly popular with hikers. The orange-blazed unnamed connector trail, leading to the yellow-blazed Stillman Trail, most often accessed at a parking area on US 9W, offers an immediate and steep climb up Butter Hill followed by a longer and more relaxing trip to the summit of Storm King itself.</p><br>
<p>Although infrequently attempted and not permitted by the park authorities, there are documented technical rock climbing routes above the river, as well as ice climbing, when conditions are favorable.</p><br>
<h2>Popular culture references</h2><br>
<p>Storm King is said to be the inspiration for the song of the same name by the New York band Big Tree.</p><br>
<p>The fourth song on jazz keyboardist Bob James&#39; Three album is entitled "Storm King."</p><br>
<p>Liz Graham wrote and performed a song titled "Storm King" on her 1998 eponymous release Liz Graham.</p><br>
<p>Dar Williams wrote and performed a song titled "Storm King" on her 2012 release In the Time of Gods.</p><br>
<p>Ragged Island is an island in the Hingham Bay area of the Boston Harbor Islands National Recreation Area, in the U.S. state of Massachusetts. The island has a permanent size of 4 acres, and it is composed of Roxbury puddingstone  which rises to a height of 30 ft above sea level. Broken ledges surround most of the island with small gravel beaches on the southeast and northwest sides; there are also small tidal mudflats.</p><br>
<p>The island was first occupied by John Langlee in the late seventeenth century. In the late nineteenth century, it was developed as part of a summer resort, and it has subsequently been the site of a restaurant and rustic observation shelters. Today, it is uninhabited and has an interesting mix of cultivated and naturalized plants, including lily-of-the-valley, daylily, silver maple, red maple, Norway maple, cedar, Norway spruce, linden, greenbrier and poison ivy. The island is managed by the town of Hingham and access is by private boat only.</p><br>
<p>Agios Stefanos  is a suburb in Athens, Greece. Since the 2011 local government reform it is part of the municipality Dionysos, of which it is the seat and a municipal unit. The municipal unit has an area of 8.136 km.</p><br>
<h2>Geography</h2><br>
<p>Agios Stefanos is situated in the hills in the northeastern part of the Athens conurbation, at about 350 m elevation. It lies east of the Parnitha mountains, northwest of the Penteliko Mountain, and 4 km southwest of the Marathon Reservoir. The source of the river Kifisos is near Agios Stefanos. It is 9 km west of Marathon and 21 km northeast of Athens city centre. Its built-up area is continuous with those of the neighbouring suburbs Anoixi and Stamata to the south.</p><br>
<p>Motorway 1 (Athens - Lamia - Thessaloniki) passes west of the town. Agios Stefanos has a railway station on the railway from Athens to Thessaloniki. Athens ERA-1 transmitter, the second tallest man-made structure of Greece, is situated north of Agios Stefanos.</p><br>
<h2>Historical population</h2><br>
<p>Asinara is an Italian island of 52 km&sup2; in area. The name is Italian for "donkey-inhabited", but it is thought to derive from the Latin "sinuaria", and meaning sinus-shaped. The island is virtually uninhabited. The census of population of 2001 lists one man. The island is located off the north-western tip of Sardinia, and is mountainous in geography with steep, rocky coasts. Because fresh water is scarce, trees are sparse and low scrub is the predominant vegetation. Part of the national parks system of Italy, the island was recently converted to a wildlife and marine preserve. It is home to a population of wild Albino donkeys from which the island may take its name.</p><br>
<h2>Geography and geology</h2><br>
<p>Asinara is located at the north-western tip of Sardinia. It is a territory of 51.9 km&sup2; with a length of 17.4 km and a width which ranges from 290 m at Cala di Sgombro to 6.4 km of the northern part, as well as 110 km of coast length. The highest point, at 408 m, is Punta della Scomunica. The territory is entirely state property. The island is formed by four mountainous sections linked by a narrow, flat coastal belt. The windswept west coast is steep and rocky with a very deep sea bottom. The west coast turns down towards the bay of Asinara.</p><br>
<p>As an extension of the larger island, Asinara is the second largest island after Sant&#39;Antioco. The surface is hilly, covered by thick Mediterranean scrub and few trees, with the exception of a wooded area in the northern part of the island. In the other parts of the island only small trees survive, mostly junipers. The island has indented coast, as seen from Cape Falcone. The west side of the island is more rocky and steep, while the east has wide, flat areas with a maximum height of 50 m. There are only three sandy beaches, all on the eastern coast., 107.32 km&sup2; of the surrounding marine and underwater environment is a protected natural area. From a geological point of view, the Asinara is part of the Nurra of north-western Sardinia, made up by more than 80% of metamorphic rock. The rock characterizes the island landscape together with the woody vegetation. Among the metamorphic rocks, great interest is attached to rare black Hercynean amphibolites 950 million years old, the oldest rocks in Italy.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<h3>Early history</h3><br>
<p>Human habitation on the island dates back to the Neolithic Age, with Domus de Janas (sprites&#39; houses) near Campu Perdu. Carved into soft limestone, the constructions are unique to the island.</p><br>
<p>Because of its central position in the Mediterranean, Asinara was known and used by Phoenicians, Greeks, and Romans. The Camaldolite monastery of Sant&#39;Andrea and the Castellaccio on Punta Maestra, Fornelli, may date to the Middle Ages.</p><br>
<p>The island was also an object of pirate raids by the Saracens. Later, ownership of Asinara was contested between Pisa, the Republic of Genoa, and the kingdom of Aragon. From the 17th century, shepherds from Sardinia and Liguria colonized the island. In 1721, it became property of the Savoy Kingdom of Sardinia.</p><br>
<p>In 1885 the island became state property; a lazaretto, the Primario Lazzaretto del Regno dItalia, was built at Cala Reale and an agricultural penal colony was established at Cala dOliva, by order of King Umberto I of Italy. About 100 families of Sardinian farmers and Genoese fishermen who lived on Asinara were obliged to move to Sardinia, where they founded the village of Stintino.</p><br>
<p>During the First World War, the island was used as a prison camp for some 24,000 Austrian and Hungarian soldiers, 5,000 of whom died during their imprisonment. It was used as a place of detention for Ethiopian POWs during the Second Italo-Ethiopian War. Majority of the Ethiopians kept there were members of the Ethiopian nobility.</p><br>
<p>In the 1970s the prison facilities were refurbished as a maximum security prison. In past years was assigned mainly to detention of mafia members and terrorists, and has housed the likes of such as the mafia boss Totò Riina. Prisoners and warders were the only inhabitants of Asinara for about 110 years, until the closure of the prison in December 1997.</p><br>
<p>Construction on the island has been forbidden for the last century.</p><br>
<h3>Modern history and the national park</h3><br>
<p>In 1997 Asinara was established as a National Park, and is now a nature reserve. Its natural beauty, unspoiled by the sparse human settlement, made it an ideal candidate.</p><br>
<p>Since 1999, tourists have been able to visit Asinara Island, but only through organized and guided tours. Swimming is permitted only on three beaches and docking of private boats is forbidden.</p><br>
<p>In 2002, the waters offshore of the national park were zoned and designated as Italy’s newest marine protected area, encompassing 49 mi of coastline around the island and 41 square miles of its coastal waters. There are two no access, no fishing zones on Asinara Island.</p><br>
<p>There are many species of native and introduced mammals on the island, including horses, asses, goats, sheep, and pigs. The island’s vegetation is a mix of plants native to Sardinia, plants common throughout the Mediterranean, or introduced plants found in other bioregions, including North America. The island also harbors several rarely seen species, including the white Asinara donkey.</p><br>
<p>There are many old facilities on the island, including the prison facilities, but also small cities built for and by the inhabitants of the quarantine camp, and for the staff that serviced the camp and the prison. All of these have been turned over to the national park, and in tandem the marine protected area, who sorted out what will be kept and with what restoration is needed.</p><br>
<h4>Details of protection</h4><br>
<p>A Presidential Decree, on 3 October 2002, officially set both the Park and the Park body, which is a management body envisioned for national parks by a framework on protected areas. The park body will also manage the Protected Marine Area set by decree of the Minister of the environment and land protection on the 13 August 2002. Both the park and the marine area are enclosed in the protected area "international cetacean sanctuary"(Act. 391/01). Asinara is furthermore a Site of Community importance.(on 3 April 2000).</p><br>
<p>There are strict regulations on the island put in place to guarantee the conservation of the marine and land habitats. Institutional decrees (M.D. 28.11.97, M.D. 13.8.02, Presidential Decree 3.10.02), with numerous clauses, include no permission to use own vehicles, prohibition of sport fishing, anchorage and navigation with the exception of authorized means.</p><br>
<h2>Ecology</h2><br>
<p>The vegetation of Asinara is a typical Mediterranean macchia, with lentisk, Euphorbia, tree heath (Erica arborea), Calicotome spinosa, Phillyrea angustifolia, Phoenician juniper and cistus. The flora consists of 678 species, 29 of which are endemic. Some, such as Centaurea horrida, Limonium laetum and Limonium acutifolium, are exclusive to northern Sardinia, while others are characteristic of the Sardinian - Corsican region. The fauna numbers around 80 wild species of terrestrial vertebrates, including mouflon, wild boar, horses, Sardinian donkeys and the white Asinara donkey, which was introduced onto the island at the beginning of the 1800s, and probably abandoned when the inhabitants were moved to Stintino. Birds include the rare Audouin&#39;s gull, cormorants, peregrine falcons and the Barbary partridge. Asinara is the only place in Sardinia where the magpie is present.</p><br>
<p>The marine setting is rocky in the eastern side, with steep slopes and ravines, but mainly sandy in the western area. The shallowest part of the coast is colonized by two rare species, the red alga Lithophyllum lichenoides and the endangered giant limpet Patella ferruginea. The integrity of the ecosystem is due to the history of its settlement, or rather the lack of it, that is a charactistic of the island.</p><br>
<p>Slemish, historically called Slieve Mish, is a mountain in County Antrim, Northern Ireland. It lies a few miles east of Ballymena, in the townland of Carnstroan. Tradition holds that Saint Patrick, enslaved as a youth, was brought to this area and tended sheep herds on Slemish, and that during this time he found God.</p><br>
<p>Slemish is the remains of the plug of an extinct volcano. The plug is made of olivine dolerite and was formed during the Palaeogene period of the Earth&#39;s geological history. Its distinctive appearance —its upper reaches are very steep and rugged, in contrast to the tidy fields on its lower westward-facing slopes and the relatively flat bogland to the east— causes it to dominate the landscape for miles around.</p><br>
<p>Slemish is within an Environmentally Sensitive Area (ESA) and, therefore, helps to protect and manage the fragile animal and plant communities that inhabit its slopes. An ideal location for bird watchers, large black ravens, buzzards, wheatears and meadow pipits can be seen regularly.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Slemish Mountain is the legendary first known Irish home of Saint Patrick. According to legend, following his capture and being brought to Ireland as a slave, Patrick worked as a shepherd at Slemish Mountain for about six years, from ages 16 to 22, for a man named Milchu (or Miluic).</p><br>
<p>It was during this time that Patrick turned to frequent prayer as his only consolation in his loneliness. In a vision he was encouraged to escape and return home.</p><br>
<p>He did this, then became a priest and returned to Ireland, allegedly to convert his old master. The legend goes that his own real conversion took place while on Slemish out in all weathers, communing with nature and praying continuously. As Patrick was not the first Christian Bishop to visit Ireland, his ministry was confined to the North. Here he established churches and an episcopal system. One such church is thought to have been founded at the nearby site of Skerry Churchyard.</p><br>
<p>In later times, Slemish was the site of a United Irish camp during the 1798 rebellion in County Antrim.</p><br>
<h2>Activities</h2><br>
<p>Slemish Mountain is open year-round, and on Saint Patrick&#39;s Day (17 March) large crowds walk to the top of the mountain as a pilgrimage. The one and a half kilometre round walk to the summit and back takes approximately one hour in good weather. Excellent views can be had of the Antrim and Scottish coasts to the east. Ballymena town, Lough Neagh and the Sperrin Mountains are all normally visible to the west whilst the Bann Valley and the higher summits of the Antrim Hills can be seen to the North. The 180 metre climb is steep and rocky. The path can become very slippery in wet weather so care should be taken. As the weather in Co. Antrim can change very rapidly, please be equipped with good waterproofs and strong footwear.</p><br>
<p>Large parking facility with interpretation boards and washrooms onsite.</p><br>
<h2>Literature</h2><br>
<p>Slemish features in Dennis Kennedy&#39;s book Climbing Slemish. The book chronicles the history of a family over a whole century of Northern Irish life.</p><br>
<h2>Annalistic references</h2><br>
<p>See Annals of Inisfallen (AI)</p><br>
<p>AI777.1 Kl. The battle of Sliab Mis,in which Nia, son of Cú Allaid, fell.</p><br>
<p>The Wadsworth-Longfellow House is a historic house and museum in Portland, Maine, United States. It is located at 489 Congress Street and is operated by the Maine Historical Society. It was designated a National Historic Landmark in 1962, and administratively added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1966. The house is open daily to public from May through October . An admission fee is charged.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The house has both historical and literary importance, as it is both the oldest standing structure on the Portland peninsula and the childhood home of famous American poet Henry Wadsworth Longfellow (1807–1882).</p><br>
<p>American Revolutionary War General Peleg Wadsworth built the house in 1785–1786, the first wholly brick dwelling in Portland. Wadsworth raised ten children in the two-story structure with a pitched roof before retiring to the family farm in Hiram, Maine, in 1807. His daughter Zilpah and her husband Stephen Longfellow IV were married in the house.</p><br>
<p>Their son, Henry Wadsworth Longfellow, was born nearby at the home of an aunt, Stephens sister, on February 27, 1807. The home was a three-story Federal architecture-style home at the corner of Fore and Hancock Streets. Young Longfellow did not move with his parents to the Wadsworth-Longfellow House until he was eight months old, but spent the next 35 years there. The Longfellows added todays third story in 1815.</p><br>
<h2>Preservation</h2><br>
<p>Anne Longfellow Pierce (1810–1901) was the last family member to live in the house. She deliberately kept the house much as it was in Peleg Wadsworth&#39;s time, but is perhaps best remembered for growing oranges in the window (no small feat in a Maine winter). Her will stipulated that the house, lot, and many furnishings be given to the Maine Historical Society upon her death.</p><br>
<p>Pierce died in 1901 and the Maine Historical Society opened the home to the public within a year. At the time, only one other American author&#39;s home was owned by an organization committed to its preservation, specifically the John Greenleaf Whittier Homestead in Haverhill, Massachusetts.</p><br>
<h2>Longfellow Garden</h2><br>
<p>A Children’s Gate designed by Alexander Wadsworth Longfellow, nephew of Henry Wadsworth Longfellow, was installed in the 1930s. The gate was removed in the 1960s and restored in 2012.</p><br>
<p>The Longfellow Garden is open to the public at no charge Monday-Saturday from May–October from 10 AM to 5 PM.</p><br>
<p>Dollywaggon Pike is a fell in the English Lake District. It stands on the main spine of the Helvellyn range in the Eastern Fells, between Thirlmere and the Ullswater catchment.</p><br>
<h2>Name</h2><br>
<p>The spelling ‘Dollywaggon’ is used on Ordnance Survey 1:25,000 maps but ‘Dollywagon’ on 1:50,000 maps. The Ordnance Survey gazetteer, nominally based on the 1:50,000 maps, lists only ‘Dollywaggon Pike’. As of 2005, the ‘Dollywagon’ spelling is slightly more common in online references. Alfred Wainwright used ‘Dollywaggon Pike’ in his Pictorial Guide, a position supported by other writers. One etymology for the word Dollywaggon gives an Old Norse source formed by the combination of dolgr (‘fiend’ or ‘giant’) and veginn (‘lifted’).</p><br>
<h2>Topography</h2><br>
<p>The Helvellyn range runs broadly north–south for about 7 miles, remaining above 2,000 ft (600 m) throughout its length. Dollywaggon Pike is the southernmost fell of the ridge proper, with Nethermost Pike immediately to the north. There is a subsidiary top between Nethermost and Dollywaggon Pikes named High Crag (2,990 ft / 884 m). Due to the very limited depression between the two, most guidebooks follow Wainwright in counting High Crag as a part of Nethermost Pike. To the south of Dollywaggon Pike is the complex depression containing Grisedale Tarn, with Seat Sandal and Fairfield rising beyond.</p><br>
<p>In common with much of the Helvellyn range there is a marked contrast between the western and eastern slopes of Dollywaggon Pike. In Wainwright’s words ‘To the west, uninteresting grass slopes descend to Dunmail Raise almost unrelieved by rock and scarred only by the wide stony track gouged across the breast of the fell by the boots of generations of pilgrims to Helvellyn. But the eastern side is a desolation of crag and boulder and scree.’</p><br>
<p>The western flank is named Willie Wife Moor for reasons lost to antiquity. It is bounded by Birkside Gill to the north and Raise Beck to the south, Reggle Knott being the only area of rough ground. At the base of the slope Raise Beck flows north to Thirlmere, having been diverted as a part of the 1884 reservoir project. It previously turned south down the other side of Dunmail Raise pass to feed Grasmere. Before this diversion, Dollywaggon Pike was distinctive in that its drainage reached the sea at more widely spread points than any other Lakeland Fell, with Raise Beck going through Grasmere and Windermere to reach Morecambe Bay, Birkside Gill going through Thirlmere and Derwent Water to reach the Irish Sea at Workington and Grisedale Beck draining into Ullswater and then to the sea at the Solway Firth. This is still the case today when there is enough water in Raise Beck for it to flow both north and south, but normally Seat Sandal now has this distinction.</p><br>
<p>Birkside Gill contains the remains of a number of levels driven for copper between 1840 and 1866.</p><br>
<p>On the east, the first impression is all of rock. The long strath of Grisedale runs north-eastward to Ullswater, cutting off a series of hanging valleys which fall from the Helvellyn range. To the north-east of Dollywaggon Pike, below the summit of High Crag, is Ruthwaite Cove, a corrie surrounded on three sides by crag. Ruthwaite Cove is now the site of Ruthwaite Lodge, a climbing hut. It was formerly the setting for more industrious activity, with the remains of several levels and some shallow open mineworking being visible near the Lodge. These excavations were made for lead-bearing galena, and are believed to have been worked in the sixteenth century. Further leases were taken out in 1784 and 1862, the last-known operation being in 1880. To the east of Dollywaggon Pike is a second corrie, Cock Cove, with Falcon Crag and the deeply gullied Tarn Crag providing the impressive headwall.</p><br>
<p>Between the two coves, Dollywaggon Pike sends out a fine rocky ridge, The Tongue. This arête ascends by a series of rocky steps making straight for the summit. At the bottom of The Tongue is Spout Crag, standing above Grisedale Beck and forcing walkers to take a detour from the ridgeline.</p><br>
<p>North of Dollywaggon Pike the ridge narrows and then steps up over High Crag to the plateau top of Nethermost Pike. In the other direction the high ground curves south-east around Cock Cove before a long slope falls to Grisedale Tarn at around 1,770 ft (539 m). This sizeable tarn has a depth of around 110 ft (34 m) and holds brown trout, perch and eels. The outflow is to Ullswater to the north east, picking up all of the rainfall from the eastern face of Dollywaggon Pike. To the west of the tarn is the unnamed col between Dollywaggon Pike and Seat Sandal and immediately to the south is Grisedale Hause, the depression between Seat Sandal and Fairfield. Thus Seat Sandal stands topographically on the ridge between the two higher fells, but so out on a limb that many walkers proceed directly from Dollywaggon Pike to Fairfield.</p><br>
<h2>Geology</h2><br>
<p>Geologically the summit of the fell forms part of the Deepdale Formation, (principally volcaniclastic sandstone) underlain by the dacitic lapilli-tuff of the Helvellyn Formation.</p><br>
<h2>Summit</h2><br>
<p>The summit is a small grassy rise directly at the head of The Tongue. It carries a small cairn with a larger one a few yards to the west. The view is extensive with the eastern foreground particularly fine</p><br>
<h2>Ascents</h2><br>
<p>The Tongue provides a fine route of ascent, though a long one, from Patterdale and the fell can also be reached from the Grasmere area via Grisedale Tarn. Ascents up the western slopes are unimpeded but uninteresting.</p><br>
<p>Stybarrow Dodd  is a mountain or fell in the English Lake District. It stands immediately north of Sticks Pass on the main ridge of the Helvellyn range in the Eastern Fells, which is situated between the lakes of Thirlmere and the Ullswater.</p><br>
<p>The summit of Stybarrow Dodd is a smooth, rounded, grassy dome, like those of its two northern neighbours, Watson’s Dodd and Great Dodd. Together, these three rather similar fells are sometimes called ‘The Three Dodds’. All three are covered by the same sheet of volcanic rock.</p><br>
<h2>Topography</h2><br>
<p>The summit of Stybarrow Dodd stands on the main ridge of the Helvellyn range, immediately north of Sticks Pass. This ridge runs north-south for about 11 km without dropping below 600 m. Stybarrow Dodd occupies just over 1 km of this length, from Sticks Pass to the col which connects it to Watson&#39;s Dodd and Great Dodd. At this point the ridge is the watershed between the Eden river system to the east and the Derwent river system to the west. The fell rises to 843 m, standing nearly 100 m above Sticks Pass and 68 m above the col to the north. From its smooth, rounded, grassy summit, four shoulders or ridges extend in different directions.</p><br>
<p>To the west a generally grassy shoulder runs for about 2 km down into the valley of the How Beck and to the A591 road. This shoulder is sharply defined by the valleys of Stanah Gill to its north and Sticks Gill (West) and Fisherplace Gill to its south. It slopes gently at first to around the 450 m contour and then more steeply into the valley over a number of rocky crags. The bridleway to Sticks Pass rises over this shoulder. This ridge is drained by two gills just mentioned, which are now captured by a water leat and diverted into Thirlmere Reservoir.</p><br>
<p>The eastern side of Stybarrow Dodd is more complex and sprawling. Its eastern ridge divides into three parts, with the result that the foot of the mountain stretches along Ullswater from Glenridding to Aira Beck, with two intervening valleys. This side is drained by Aira Beck in Deepdale on the north, by Sticks Gill (East) and Glenridding Beck on the south, and by Glencoyne Beck and Mossdale Beck in the two valleys between the ridges. All of these becks flow directly into Ullswater. There is more detail about each of these ridges and their subsidiary tops on the Hart Side and Sheffield Pike pages.</p><br>
<p>There are also two short spurs to the north of the main summit. To the north-west one spur leads down to the col which connects the fell to Watson&#39;s Dodd and Great Dodd. To the north-east a longer spur called Middle Tongue runs 1.5 km down into Deepdale, between Browndale Beck and Aira Beck.</p><br>
<h2>Sticks Pass</h2><br>
<p>Sticks Pass, to the south of Stybarrow Dodd, crosses the Helvellyn ridge at a height of about 745 m, the highest pass in the Lake District crossed by a bridleway. Now used only by fellwalkers, it once provided a regular connection between the communities on either side of the Helvellyn range. The becks flowing to either side of the pass are both named Sticks Gill on Ordnance Survey maps. Alfred Wainwright first added the terms East and West to distinguish them</p><br>
<p>The route to the pass starts from Stanah in the west and rises over the west ridge of Stybarrow Dodd. It remains to the north of both Sticks Gills, so that most of its length is carried by Stybarrow Dodd. In 1928 the route was still marked by a number of sticks, from which it was supposed that the pass had been named. By the 1950s these sticks had vanished.</p><br>
<h2>Summit</h2><br>
<p>There is a short grassy summit ridge with a separate top and a small cairn at each end. The path lead to the south-western top but the highest point is 300 m to the north-east, a quiet place, out of sight of the ridge path which passes it lower down. It is marked by a small cairn which incorporates an upright piece of slate. Further to the north-east are an occasional pool and the fallen remains of a wall</p><br>
<p>Wainwright saw a ‘very loose estate-boundary iron post’, which is no longer present. It may well have been another like the ones found on Sheffield Pike. The only exposed rock is Deepdale Crag, just east of the fallen wall, though this is ‘hardly more than a short stony slope’.</p><br>
<p>The south-western summit is only three metres lower, but lies on the ridge path, and is marked by a small cairn. In the 1950s it was this point that sported the upright piece of slate, and whose height was recorded on the Ordnance Survey map, as 2,756 feet (840 m).</p><br>
<p>Although the north-east top gives an extensive all-round panorama of Lakeland fells, the gentle rounded top of the fell occupies all the foreground. The lower south-west top offers almost as wide a view but without the flat foreground.</p><br>
<h2>Ascents</h2><br>
<p>The whole of the fell, above the intake walls (walls surrounding the land ‘taken in’ to agricultural enclosures) to both east and west, is Open Access land. Much of the eastern side is owned by the National Trust.</p><br>
<p>From the west there is access to the fell from Stanah on the bridleway to Sticks Pass. From the east, ascents can be made from Glenridding, via Greenside Road and the Sticks Pass bridleway, or via the Sheffield Pike and Green Side ridge. From the north-east ascents can begin from Dockray or High Row, either along the Hart Side ridge or through the rather wet valley of Deepdale.</p><br>
<p>The summit of Stybarrow Dodd may also be reached from the path along the Helvellyn ridge. A popular walk known as ‘The Dodds’ combines the three summits of Stybarrow Dodd, Watson’s Dodd and Great Dodd, often involving a circuit of Deepdale from High Row or Dockray.</p><br>
<h2>Geology</h2><br>
<p>The rocks of Stybarrow Dodd are all part of the Borrowdale Volcanic Group (BVG), formed on the margin of an ancient continent during a period of intense volcanic activity, roughly 450 million years ago in the Ordovician Period.</p><br>
<p>Within that group, the bulk of the rocks forming the fell and its ridges belong to the Birker Fell Andesite Formation. These rocks are among the earliest of the volcanic rocks of the BVG, and are part of a thick succession of andesite sheets which now outcrop in a wide band around the western and northern sides of the Lake District.</p><br>
<p>These sheets were formed by successive eruptions of mobile andesitic lava from shallow-sided volcanoes. The composition of the erupting magma varied from time to time, with basaltic andesite occurring in a number of places. Individual lava flows may be separated by beds of volcaniclastic sandstone, sedimentary deposits formed from the erosion of the volcanic rocks.</p><br>
<p>The geological map shows basaltic andesite near Fisher Place, low on the west ridge of Stybarrow Dodd, as well as small amounts of volcaniclastic deposits on the same ridge.</p><br>
<p>After the eruptions of the Birker Fell Formation the composition of the erupting magma changed from andesitic to dacitic, and as a result the nature of the volcanism became more explosive. A large caldera volcano was built in the area where Scafell and the Langdale Pikes stand today. The caldera was at least 15 km across, and as the caldera collapsed, much more than 400 cubic kilometres of magma were erupted. At the close of this volcanic activity, the caldera was filled with sedimentary deposits, represented today by the Seathwaite Fell Sandstone Formation, a sequence of bedded volcaniclastic sandstone and siltstone strata. However, deposition was not confined to the old caldera, and to the east of Thirlmere this formation rests directly on the Birker Fell andesites.</p><br>
<p>On the west ridge of Stybarrow Dodd, the geological map shows a thin deposit of the Seathwaite Fell Sandstone around the 700 m contour.</p><br>
<p>Another caldera volcano then formed in a new area. In the area to the north of Sticks Pass, the Birker Fell andesites (and the small area of Seathwaite Fell Sandstone) are overlain by the Lincomb Tarns Tuff Formation. This formation is one of the most widespread of the volcanic rocks of the Lake District; it seems that the whole district was buried beneath at least 150 m of densely welded ignimbrite, a rock formed from a pyroclastic flow of very hot gas and rock. This formation must represent a series of eruptions of truly exceptional magnitude, accompanying the formation of a volcanic caldera, probably in the area around what is now Helvellyn.</p><br>
<p>On Stybarrow Dodd this formation is represented by rocks of the Thirlmere Tuff Member, which covers the top of the fell with a thick sheet of welded rhyo-dacitic lapilli-tuff in which the individual pieces of semi-molten lava were flattened under the weight of deposits above them. This rock weathers to a white or pink colour, but it is covered by the smooth grassy turf characteristic of Great Dodd, Watson’s Dodd and Stybarrow Dodd, all of which are covered by the same sheet.</p><br>
<h2>Names</h2><br>
<p>Stybarrow Dodd. Dodd seems to have been a later addition to the fells name, which was recorded as Stibarro (1589), Stybrow (1794) and Stybarrow (as late as 1800), although Stiveray Dod is also found from about 1692. Probably hill of the steep-path,’ named after the path over Sticks Pass on its flanks, from the dialect word sty(e) ‘a steep path’ and berg (which often becomes barrow in place-names) from either the Old English berg, ‘a hill’ or Old Norse berg ‘a mountain.’</p><br>
<p>Dod or dodd is a dialect word of unknown origin, but common in hill names in the Lake District and the Scottish Borders for bare rounded summits, either free standing or subsidiary shoulders to higher neighbours.</p><br>
<h2>Image gallery</h2><br>
<p>Claremore Mound, an ancient earthen platform mound in present-day Rogers County, Oklahoma, is the site of the Battle of Strawberry Moon . In 1817 a band Cherokee under Chief Spring Frog  destroyed Chief Clermont&#39;s band of Osage Indians. The mound is located north of Sageeyah near the south bank of the Verdigris River.</p><br>
<p>The earthwork mound, likely constructed before 1000CE by the Caddoan Mississippian culture, has an elevation of 784 feet above sea level. The area on top of the mound, where the Osage built a village about 1802, is about 25 acres. Parts of the Cherokee reservation, established in the late 1830s in Indian Territory, lay about 2 miles to the west. The later, modern city of Claremore was developed by European Americans about away.</p><br>
<p>European-American settlers later named both the mound and the nearby city as Claremore, in honor of Chief Clermont.</p><br>
<p>A somewhat different version claims that when fur trader Jean Pierre Chouteau (based in St. Louis, Missouri) came through the area in 1802, he met a band of the Osage tribe led by a chief named Glahmo. Since Chouteau wanted to trade for furs and hides, he encouraged Glahmo to settle his band atop the mound along the Verdigris River. Chouteau named the hill, an earthen mound built by ancestors of the Caddo, as clermont (or Clairmont) ("clear mountain" in English). Glahmo became known to French colonists as Chief Clermont.</p><br>
<p>Canouan  is an island in the Grenadines Islands belonging to Saint Vincent and the Grenadines. It is a small island, measuring only 3.5 miles  by 1.25 miles  and has a surface of 7,6 km². The population is about 1,700 people</p><br>
<p>A barrier reef runs along the Atlantic side of the island. The highest point on the island is Mount Royal. Two bays, Glossy and Friendship, separate the southern side of the Canouan Island.</p><br>
<p>Canouan lies approximately 25 miles (40 km) south of St. Vincent which, from 1871 to 1969, was part of the British colony of the Windward Islands. Locals in need of supplies beyond basic staples routinely board cargo ships to make the two-to-three-hour passage to the main Island of Saint Vincent. A fast ferry service for the Grenadines commenced operations in June 2010 which reduces the journey to one hour.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Some time prior to 200 B.C. a cultivated tribe called the Arawaks reached the island using dug-out canoes. These new residents brought plants, animals, and basic farming and fishing skills with them. They lived in peace for 1,500 years until a tribe of fierce fighters called the Caribs invaded and killed the Arawak men and took off with their women.</p><br>
<p>More than 200 years after Columbus laid eyes on St. Vincent, the Europeans established a kind of permanent settlement. Its mountainous and heavily forested geography allowed the Caribs to defend against European settlement here longer than on almost any other island in the Caribbean.</p><br>
<p>After the Caribs were defeated on other islands they joined slaves who had escaped repression on Barbados by following the current and trade winds westward to St. Vincent, as well as those who had survived shipwrecks near St. Vincent and Bequia.</p><br>
<p>The mixed descendants of the island warriors and the freed Africans, who became known as the Black Caribs, had a common distrust and disgust for the Europeans, and proved to be a fearsome foe. The Caribs feared complete domination so they allowed the French to construct a settlement on the island in 1719. The French brought slaves to work their plantations. By 1748, the Treaty of Aix-la-Chapelle officially declared St. Vincent and its surrounding islands to be a neutral island, controlled by neither Britain nor France. The two countries continued to contest control of the islands, however, until they were definitively ceded to the British in 1814.</p><br>
<p>In 1951 universal adult suffrage was introduced in Saint Vincent and the Grenadines and in 1979, it became an independent state within the British Commonwealth with a democratic government based on the British system.</p><br>
<h2>Climate</h2><br>
<p>The average daytime temperatures range from 24 to 30 C. The driest season is from December to May. The coolest months are between November and February.</p><br>
<h2>Resorts Development</h2><br>
<p>In the early 1990s the Canouan Resorts Development Ltd (CRD) company was formed and secured lease for areas of the island to build 2 hotels - the former Raffles Resort site and site. At this point the building arm of CRD Ltd. built roads throughout Canouan (previously only dirt tracks), installed electricity to the island and residents houses and provided desalinated water for the first time. Prior to that, fresh water was brought by boat from St. Vincent on a regular basis. Locals who are not employed by the resort, however, are forbidden admittance to the property nowadays as it is private property. However the beaches remain public property and locals are allowed to use the beaches and can access either through the resort or by boat. It was announced that the resort would revert from Raffles/Fairmont Resorts back to Carenage Bay Resort on May 20, 2010.</p><br>
<p>The two major resorts on Canouan, the former Raffles and the Tamarind Beach Hotel, provide a stark contrast to life on the rest of the island. Outside the two resorts, wild dogs roam freely, along with chickens, goats, turtles, lizards, and the occasional bat. Between 2004 and 2010, Raffles managed the Resort, which occupies the north ⅓ of the island. The resort has a, restaurants, private villas and a hotel. The Golf Course won the Robb Reports best of the best Golf Courses in the World 2005 and is consistently voted the top course in the Caribbean. The Golf Course at the resort was designed by Jim Fazio. An entirely new luxury resort is now under construction on Godhal Beach, scheduled to open fall 2013.</p><br>
<p>There are 2 schools on Canouan - the Government Primary school and the independent Pelican School which is an accredited Cambridge International School. There is also an official Canouan Pre-school located close to the primary school.</p><br>
<p>The runway at Canouan Airport has recently been lengthened to almost 6,000 feet to accommodate larger aircraft. It is now the jet port for the Grenadines.</p><br>
<p>Moorings yacht charter company have their Grenadines base in Canouan in Grand Bay.</p><br>
<p>Canouan was one of the locations of the Sports Illustrated 2009 Swimsuit Edition.</p><br>
<p>NBA player and political activist Adonal Foyle hails from Canouan, and former Prime Minister of St. Lucia Sir John Compton was born there.</p><br>
<h2>Transport</h2><br>
<p>Canouan Airport serves as the airport.</p><br>
<h2>Footnotes</h2><br>
<p>The Codman House  is a historic house set on a 16 acre estate at 36 Codman Road, Lincoln, Massachusetts. Thanks to a gift by Dorothy Codman, it has been owned by Historic New England since 1969 and is open to the public June 1&ndash;October 15 on the second and fourth Saturdays of the month. An admission fee is charged.</p><br>
<p>The main house was originally Georgian in style and was built in approximately 1735 by Chambers Russell I. It was enlarged in the 1790s to its current three-story Federal style by John Codman, brother-in-law of Chambers Russell III and executor of his estate. This was perhaps with some involvement of noted American architect Charles Bulfinch. The interior is extensively furnished with portraits, memorabilia, and art works collected in Europe. Various rooms preserve the decorative schemes of every era, including those of noted interior designer Ogden Codman, Jr.</p><br>
<p>The former carriage house, built c. 1870 to a design by Snell and Gregerson, is also located on the property. Until the 1980s, it was original to its use as a stable and an early auto garage and contained many artifacts of both. A few of those artifacts continue to be on display in the carriage house including an early gas pump and a large machine powered lathe.</p><br>
<p>The grounds have been farmed almost continuously since 1735 and now also include an Italian garden, circa 1899, with perennial beds, statuary, and a reflecting pool filled with waterlilies, as well as an English cottage garden, circa 1930.</p><br>
<p>The Codman Estate was added to the National Register of Historic Places as "The Grange" in 1974.</p><br>
<p>The Gropius House was the family residence of noted architect Walter Gropius at 68 Baker Bridge Road, Lincoln, Massachusetts. It is now a historic house museum, owned by Historic New England, and is open to the public. It was designated a National Historic Landmark in 2000 for its association with Gropius, an influential teacher and leader of Modernist philosophy of architecture. The house includes a collection of Bauhaus-related materials that is unparalleled outside Germany.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>As the first director of the Bauhaus, Gropius was concerned with combining useful modern technologies with consumer need, while placing equal emphasis on architectural integrity and decorative arts.</p><br>
<p>Gropius and his family came to the United States after a three-year stay in London, where they had moved to avoid the Nazi regime. Gropius went to Massachusetts to accept a teaching position at Harvard Universitys Graduate School of Design. Fellow architect and prominent Boston figure Henry Shepley convinced philanthropist Helen Storrow to provide the land and fund both the designing and building process of a home. He designed the home in 1937 and it was built with local builder Casper J. Jenney in 1938. Gropius used his new home as a showcase for his Harvard students as well as an example of modernist landscape architecture in America. He chose the area because of its proximity to Concord Academy which his daughter, Ati, was going to attend. It remained Gropiuss home from 1938 until his death in 1969.</p><br>
<p>Marcel Breuer, a fellow architect and friend of the Gropius family, came to the USA shortly after the Gropius family, also to become part of the Harvard design faculty. Mrs. Helen Storrow provided a neighboring plot of land to Breuer, where he could showcase his own design philosophies. Gropius and Breuer assisted one another in the construction of their homes, completing their dwellings in 1938 and 1939, respectively. The Gropius House continues to have many pieces of Breuer furniture on display. The house also contains works by Eero Saarinen, Joan Miró, and Herbert Bayer that were given as gifts to Walter Gropius.</p><br>
<p>At the time of the building of the Gropius House, Walter and Ises adopted daughter Ati was 12 years old. Gropius took much care in making sure Ati was happy and comfortable, while also allowing her a great deal of input into the design of her own space. Ati chose her warm-toned color palette and much of her furniture, which included a desk Gropius had designed as part of the Bauhaus in 1922. Atis room was the largest of the three bedrooms, with her own private entrance that included a spiral wrought-iron staircase. Though Gropius could not give her the sand floor and glass ceiling she requested, he did give her a private roof deck so that she could sleep under the stars.</p><br>
<h2>Description</h2><br>
<p>In keeping with Bauhaus philosophy, every aspect of the house and its surrounding landscape was planned for maximum efficiency and simplicity. Gropius carefully sited the house to complement its New England habitat on a grassy rise surrounded by stone retaining walls, amidst wetlands and an orchard of 90 apple trees which the Gropiuses allowed to grow naturally other than a few rounds of mowing during the growing season. Gropius wanted the outdoor space around the home to be an equally "civilized area" and created a lawn that extended twenty feet around the entire house, with a perennial garden expanding in the south by the porch. Although the house sits on a rather flat plot of land, by keeping the woodlands well maintained, the Gropiuses were able to retain a broad view of the south, east, and west. His screened porch was placed in such a way that it helps to divide the land around the house into multiple zones, comparable to rooms inside a house. The house was conceived as part of an organic landscape, where Gropius utilized indoor/outdoor spaces to accentuate a relationship between the structure and the site. Before the home&#39;s design was even complete, Walter Gropius was hard at work creating the ideal landscape. He selected mature trees from the neighboring forest and helped to transplant them in what would later become his yard. Ise was the predominate landscaper in the family, and she and Walter selected Scotch pine, white pine, elm, oak, and American Beech trees to complement their surroundings. The Gropiuses also added "rescued" boulders and wooden trellises adorned with pink climbing roses and Concord grapevines to flatter the New England landscape. Bittersweet vines and trumpet vines also connected the home to nature. Ise spent many hours each week planting, weeding, and trimming. She also filled and maintained more than a dozen bird feeders and bird houses on the property and claimed to have known more than ninety birds personally. After a trip to Japan in the 1950s, Mrs. Gropius removed the perennials and covered the ground in a layer of gray gravel, where she then planted azaleas, candytuft, cotoneaster, and one large red-leafed Japanese Maple.</p><br>
<p>Set amid fields, forests, and farmhouses, the Gropius House mixes up the traditional materials of New England architecture (wood, brick, and fieldstone) with industrial materials such as glass block, acoustic plaster, welded steel, and chrome banisters. The house structure consists of a traditional New England post and beam wooden frame, sheathed with white painted tongue and grove vertical siding. Traditional clapboards are used in the interior foyer, but are applied vertically, to create the illusion of height. The clapboards also performed a practical function as a gallery. Because the works displayed in the Gropius House was almost ever-changing, the wood served as an easy surface to nail into, patch, repaint, and start over again. The home contains a living room that shares an open floor plan with a dining room, kitchen, an office, a sewing room, three bedrooms, and four bathrooms. All bathrooms were positioned in the less-prominent northwest corner of the house, and all used the same plumbing stack for maximum efficiency. One of the most notable differences between the Gropius House and its adjacent homes was the flat roof. While in much of Europe and even in certain parts of the United States flat roofs were becoming quite common, in Lincoln and surrounding areas high pointed roofs with gables were the norm. Gropius fashioned his flat roof with a slight tilt to the center where water could drain off to a dry well on the property.</p><br>
<p>In 1931, Walter Gropius was asked to write an article describing the ideal livable small home for Architectural Forum. Gropius outlined the most important aspects of the home&#39;s design, sounding like a true description of the Lincoln dwelling: "The swelling house should no longer resemble something like a fortress, like a monument of walls with medieval thickness and an expensive front intended for showy representation. Instead it is to be of light construction, full of bright daylight and sunshine, alterable, time-saving, economical and useful in the last degree to its occupants whose life functions it is intended to serve."</p><br>
<p>Gropius went on to describe an ideal layout of such a house, almost literally outlining the Gropius House composition: "The ground plan... is a geometrical projection of its spacial idea – the organizing plan for moving within a house. The elevation, facade, is the result of that plan and not the starting point... Hence, no artificial symmetry, but a free functional arrangement of the succession of rooms, short, time-saving passages of communication, moving space for children, clear separation between the living, the sleeping, and the housekeeping parts of the house, and finally, proper utilization of the ground and especially the sunny aspect. The bedrooms need morning sun (facing east) the living rooms should have southern to western light, and the northside is left to storerooms, kitchens, staircases and bathrooms."</p><br>
<h2>Criticism</h2><br>
<p>Not everyone was a fan of the Gropius house, especially conservative neighbors. One particular neighbor, James Loud, felt that the Gropius House clashed with the Colonial Revival style homes of the surrounding neighborhood. According to Loud, both the Gropius House and the home designed by Marcel Breuer looked like "chicken coops."</p><br>
<h2>Preservation</h2><br>
<p>Five years after Walters death, Ise donated the property to the Society for the Preservation of New England Antiquities (now called Historic New England) in 1974, though she remained in tenancy for the rest of her life. In 1984, a year after Ises death, the home became a museum.</p><br>
<p>"Munroe" redirects here. For the train station next to the tavern, see Munroe .</p><br>
<p>Munroe Tavern, located at 1332 Massachusetts Avenue, Lexington, Massachusetts, is an American Revolutionary War site that played a prominent role in the Battle of Lexington and Concord. It is now preserved and operated as a museum by the Lexington Historical Society, with exhibits highlighting the role and perspective of the British soldiers during the outbreak of the war. The house is open for guided tours on weekends starting in April and daily from Memorial Day weekend until the end of October.</p><br>
<p>The Munroe family line in America was begun by William Munroe (1625–1719), who was transported to New England in 1651 following his capture at the Battle of Worcester. The earliest part of the Tavern was constructed in 1735 on land then owned by David Comee. Later the proprietor rights were given to others. Another William Munroe (1742–1827), the great-grandson of the original William, purchased the house in 1770, and in October 1774 was granted a taverner&#39;s license from the town, shortly before the outbreak of hostilities in April 1775.</p><br>
<p>On April 18, 1775, one day before the outbreak of the battle, Munroe Tavern was a meeting spot for colonials, owned by William Munroe, orderly sergeant of Captain John Parker&#39;s militia company, and proprietor of the tavern until 1827. At 6:30 p.m. that evening, Solomon Brown of Lexington, who had gone to the market in Boston, returned and reported to Munroe that he had passed a patrol of British soldiers.</p><br>
<p>A large force of British troops arrived at Lexington before dawn the next morning, and shots were exchanged on the town common, beginning the Battles of Lexington and Concord. That afternoon the tavern served as the headquarters for Col. Hugh, Earl Percy, and his one thousand reinforcements. The British occupied the tavern for one and one-half hours, during which time the dining room was converted into a field hospital for the wounded, while exhausted British soldiers consumed liberal quantities of food and drink. The troops also shot down John Raymond, an infirm man residing in the family.</p><br>
<p>President George Washington dined at the Munroe Tavern when he visited the Lexington battlefield in 1789. An upstairs room now contains the table at which he sat and documents relating to his trip.</p><br>
<p>In the late 19th century, a Munroe descendant who owned the house rented out part of it to artist Edwin Graves Champney (1842–1899). The house was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1976.</p><br>
<p>The Lexington Historical Society now employs the Tavern for the Museum of the British Redcoats, providing a view of April 19, 1775 from the perspective of the King&#39;s troops. The building underwent renovation and restoration work in 2010–2011.</p><br>
<p>Thurn Pass  is a high mountain pass in Austria, in the Kitzbühel Alps. It connects Kitzbühel in Tyrol with Mittersill in Salzburg.</p><br>
<p>There are several chairlifts and T-bar lifts at the pass. A gondola lift connecting Hollersbach im Pinzgau with the ski resort of the Thurn Pass opened in December 2005. In 2005 The Gondola connected The Hollersbach area to the Kitzbühel ski area. Again in summer 2011, The Resterhöhe double chairlift and Moseralm T-bar were replaced with a new modern six-person detachable chairlift with weather bubble and seat heating. These lift improvements are part of a large lift improvement plan that started back in 2004. Since then, fifteen new gondolas and chairlifts have replaced older ones across the ski-resort.</p><br>
<p>The Jochberger Ache has its source near the pass.</p><br>
<p>The Hancock–Clarke House is a historic house at 36 Hancock Street in Lexington, Massachusetts, that is a National Historic Landmark. Built in 1738, the house is notable as the only surviving house associated with statesman John Hancock, who lived here for several years as a child. It played a prominent role in the Battle of Lexington and Concord as both Hancock and Samuel Adams, leaders of the colonials, were staying in the house before the battle. The House is operated as a museum by the Lexington Historical Society. It is open weekends starting in mid-April and daily from May 30&ndash;October 31. An admission fee is charged.</p><br>
<h2>Hancock and Clarke history</h2><br>
<p>The Reverend John Hancock, grandfather of the American revolutionary leader of the same name, purchased this site in 1699. In 1738 he built this two-story timber-frame house. Rev. Hancock&#39;s son, Thomas, a wealthy Boston merchant, is said to have financed the construction. The front or main portion of the house consists of the -story structure with central chimney, a short center hall, two rooms on each of the two floors, and an attic. The small rear ell, stories high with gambrel roof, contains a kitchen and tiny study downstairs and two low-studded chambers upstairs. As confirmed by tree-ring dating (dendrochronology), both portions of the house were built from trees felled in the same year, refuting a commonly held belief that the ell was built in 1698. Succeeding Hancock as minister in 1752, the Reverend Jonas Clarke, who reared 12 children in the parsonage, was an eloquent supporter of the colonial cause.</p><br>
<p>This house is the only surviving residence associated with John Hancock, famous American patriot, President of the Continental Congress, first signer of the United States Declaration of Independence, and the first Governor of the Commonwealth of Massachusetts. It became his boyhood home in 1744 when, upon the death of his father at Quincy, the seven-year-old boy came to live at this house with his grandfather. In 1750 John joined his childless uncle, Thomas Hancock, a wealthy Boston merchant who adopted him.</p><br>
<p>On the evening of April 18, 1775, John Hancock and Samuel Adams, having attended the Massachusetts Provincial Congress in Concord and wary of returning to Boston, were guests of Rev. Clarke. Fearing that they might be captured by the British, Dr. Joseph Warren of Boston dispatched William Dawes and Paul Revere to Lexington with news of the advancing British troops. Arriving separately, they stopped to warn Hancock and Adams around midnight, then set off for Concord. Hancock and Adams made their way to Burlington to avoid capture.</p><br>
<h2>Later history</h2><br>
<p>The house remained in the Clarke family until 1844, maintained by Rev. Clarke&#39;s spinster daughters. It thereafter changed hands several times before being acquired by the Lexington Historical Society. The building was threatened with demolition in 1896, at which time the society purchased it and moved it across the street. In 1974, after purchasing the original site, the society moved it back to its original location. The house was declared a National Historic Landmark in 1971, and listed on the National Register of Historic Places.</p><br>
<p>This house contains furnishings and portraits owned by the Hancock and Clarke families and an exhibit area that includes relics of April 19, 1775.</p><br>
<p>Buckman Tavern is a historic American Revolutionary War site associated with the revolution&#39;s very first battle, the 1775 Battle of Lexington and Concord. It is located on the Battle Green in Lexington, Massachusetts and operated as a museum by the Lexington Historical Society.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The tavern was built in about 1709–1710 by Benjamin Muzzey (1657–1735), and with license granted in 1693 was the first public house in Lexington. Muzzey ran it for years, then his son John, and then at the time of the battle it was run by John&#39;s granddaughter and her husband John Buckman, a member of the Lexington Training Band. In those years the tavern was a favorite gathering place for militiamen on days when they trained on the Lexington Green. (Lexington, unlike other local communities, did not establish a minuteman company, instead maintaining a "training band" for local defense).</p><br>
<h3>Battles of Lexington and Concord</h3><br>
<p>The Battle of Lexington and Concord took form before dawn on April 19, 1775 as, having received word that the regular army had left Boston in force to seize and destroy military supplies in Concord, several dozen militiamen gathered on the town common, and then eventually went to the tavern to await the arrival of the British troops. Definite word reached them just before sunrise, and Captain Parker&#39;s company of militia left the tavern to assemble in two ranks on the common. Following the arrival of the army, a single shot was fired, by whom, we still do not know. With this shot, the American Revolutionary War began.</p><br>
<p>Although best known as the headquarters of the militia, Buckman Tavern is also noteworthy as perhaps the busiest of Lexington&#39;s 18th-century taverns. It housed the first village store in Lexington, and later, in 1813, the first town post office.</p><br>
<h2>Historic site</h2><br>
<p>The tavern&#39;s interior appears today very much as it did in 1775 and one can see the restored 18th-century taproom with large fireplace and central chimney. Among the many items on display is the old front door, with its bullet hole possibly made by a British musket ball during the battle, and a portrait of John Buckman.</p><br>
<p>It was declared a National Historic Landmark in 1961.</p><br>
<p>The Internet entrepreneur John Buckman is a direct descendant of the original "John Buckman", owner of the Buckman Tavern.</p><br>
<p>Stoupa  is a village on the coast of the southern Peloponnese peninsula in Greece. It is part of the community of Neochori within the municipal unit of West Mani, in Messenia and the historic region of Mani Peninsula.</p><br>
<p>Once a sleepy little town, in the past few years more and more tourists have discovered Stoupa. There are about 20 restaurants lining the road along the beach, a few small hotels, and many rental houses. Besides Greek tourists, who come mostly in August, British and German, as well as Dutch, French and Italian tourists visit in the summer season.</p><br>
<h2>Geography</h2><br>
<p>Stoupa is located in an area of Greece called Outer Mani. Approximately 4 km from Stoupa is the village of Agios Nikolaos (also known by its Slavic name Selinitsa), a working fishing village which also has a number of restaurants and guest houses but which attracts fewer tourists than Stoupa. Above Agios Nikolaos is the lovely small village called Riglia. Other places in the Mani region include Itylo (32 km), Limeni (36 km) and Areopoli (40 km). Below Areopoli are the caves of Pirgos Dirou.</p><br>
<p>There are many beaches and coves around the area including Stoupa Beach, which is the most popular and has a good beginner&#39;s snorkeling site at the end of the beach. Over the hill is Kalogria Beach, with its turquoise waters and rich marine life, volleyball net, and a handful of bars and restaurants. One of the features of Kalogria beach is the upswelling of an underground freshwater spring about 100 m out from the shore. It can be seen as a disturbance on the surface of the sea.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>In the past, the Mani area was known for its fierce inhabitants, who lived in isolated fortified towers (some of which are still present today, either in ruins or having been restored). The towers offered protection in an area where feuding was commonplace.</p><br>
<p>Stoupa also has rich cultural history. It is where the Greek writer Nikos Kazantzakis travelled to with George Zorbas who Kazantzakis employed as the foreman of his lignite mine, the entrance to which can still be seen in a hillside nearby. It is their time together in Stoupa that the novel Zorba the Greek is based upon, written after hearing news of Zorba&#39;s death. There is a bust of Nikos Kazantzakis on the cliff overlooking Kalogria beach, at the corner of the main road and the beach approach. Stoupa is just 7 km away from the historic area of Kardamyli, which is mentioned in work by Homer.</p><br>
<h2>Transport</h2><br>
<p>There are approximately four buses a day which call through Stoupa, running from Kalamata to the southern tip of the peninsula. The bus stops by the bakery, on the main road at the top of Stoupa and takes around ten minutes to reach Agios Nikolaos.</p><br>
<p>Visitors can book coach trips to the ancient ruins of Olympia and the Corinth Canal. Another possibility is car rental, which allows travellers to take in the sights of places such as Nafplio, Mycenae, Epidavros, and Monemvasia on the Peloponnese.</p><br>
<p>The area is serviced by Kalamata Airport where charter flights to the rest of Europe are operated in the summer season, as well as scheduled summer flights to Germany, Sweden, Norway, France, Ukraine and Russia operated by Aegean Airlines.</p><br>
<p>The Mescalero Ridge forms the western edge of the great Llano Estacado, a vast plateau or tableland in the southwestern United States in New Mexico and Texas. It is the western equivalent of the Caprock Escarpment, which defines the eastern edge of the Llano Estacado.</p><br>
<h2>Mescalero Sands</h2><br>
<p>Extending north-south along the western edge of the Mescalero Ridge lies a vast sand sheet called the Mescalero Sands, named after the Mescalero Apaches who once hunted in these sandhills. In 1928, Nelson Horatio Darton of the United States Geological Survey observed: “On the east side of the Pecos Valley in southern New Mexico there are very extensive sand hills formed of deposits known as the ‘Mescalero Sands,’ which are doubtless of Quaternary age...” In places, these sands climb up and over the Mescalero Ridge and spread out over portions of the Llano Estacado.</p><br>
<p>1.Carrol Cove</p><br>
<p>2.Clairemont Point</p><br>
<p>3.Bernardo Bay</p><br>
<p>4.Director’s Point</p><br>
<p>5.Poway Arm</p><br>
<p>6.Woodson Point</p><br>
<p>7.Penasquitos Arm</p><br>
<p>8.Ramona Point</p><br>
<p>9.Starvation Cove</p><br>
<p>10.Escondido Arm</p><br>
<p>11.San Diego Arm</p><br>
<p>12.Elliot Cove</p><br>
<p>13.Sorrento Cove</p><br>
<p>14.Mo’s Hole</p><br>
<p>Miramar Reservoir is a reservoir located in the Scripps Miramar Ranch community of San Diego, California. Owned, operated and maintained by the City of San Diego, the reservoir was completed in 1960 as part of the second San Diego Aqueduct project. Water flowing south to the reservoir originates from both the Colorado River Aqueduct and the California Aqueduct, brought into San Diego by the San Diego County Water Authority.</p><br>
<p>The Miramar Reservoir is also a popular recreation site known as Lake Miramar or Miramar Lake to local residents. Activities include boating, fishing, picnicking, and the use of an over 5-mile-long trail wrapping around the lake. The stretch of the trail over the dam was fenced off for security reasons after the September 11, 2001 attacks, and reopened in 2007. This scenic stretch provides panoramic views of Mira Mesa, Miramar, University City, and other northern San Diego communities.</p><br>
<h2>Miramar Water Treatment Plant</h2><br>
<p>The Miramar Water Treatment Plant began operation in 1962. Approximately 500,000 customers in the northern section of the City are served by the Miramar Reservoir. An upgrade and expansion project to the Miramar Water Treatment Plant began in summer 1998 with construction starting in May 2001. The project was completed in 2011. The project includes chlorine and ozone disinfection facilities.</p><br>
<p>Red Butte is a butte located in the Kaibab National Forest in Coconino County, Arizona.  It is known to the Havasupai nation as Wii&#39;i Gdwiisa, "clenched fist mountain," and is regarded as a sacred site.</p><br>
<p>Red Butte is the most notable feature on the Coconino Plateau between the San Francisco volcanic field and the Grand Canyon. Its base is formed of sandstones of the Moenkopi Formation. Above that are strata of the Shinarump Conglomerate; the summit is capped with volcanic rocks.</p><br>
<p>A trail leads to the summit along the west side. The summit affords a good view of the San Francisco Peaks, but because of the slope of the Coconino Plateau, only the uppermost part of the North Rim of the Grand Canyon can be seen.</p><br>
<h2>Lookout tower</h2><br>
<p>The Red Butte tower is listed on the National Historic Lookout Register. Its design is based on the USFS CL 100 plan with modifications. The 14 x 14 cab with tinted windows has a permanent roof overhang for shade. There is a metal catwalk and two cistern tanks for lookout staff water supply.</p><br>
<p>Nelson Island, Trinidad and Tobago is one of the Five Islands which lie west of Port of Spain in the Gulf of Paria.</p><br>
<p>Nelson Island is famous as the disembarkation point and quarantine station for indentured immigrants to Trinidad and Tobago in the nineteenth and early twentieth century. For this reason it has been called the Ellis Island of Trinidad and Tobago.</p><br>
<p>At Nelson Island the Indian immigrants and the ship, food and stores were inspected by the Protector of Immigrants. Their bundles and blankets were fumigated and they were quarantined and allowed to recover and regain strength. This measure was designed to prevent the spread of diseases which might have been transported from India. Special effort was made to stop the spread of smallpox and measles. At Nelson Island, the immigrants were examined by a medical doctor and then transported by small boats to Port of Spain. The healthy ones were immediately sent to estates, the sick ones went to the Colonial Hospital in Port of Spain and those who only needed rest were kept at the Depot in Port of Spain.</p><br>
<p>In the 1930s Nelson Island was used as a detention center for prisoners, among them Tubal Uriah Butler. During World War II, the Americans built a gun emplacement at the eastern end of the island and a causeway to Rock Island to the west. Nelson Island became a detention center again in 1970 following the Black Power Revolution. Among those who were detained there were Oilfields Workers&#39; Trade Union president George Weekes, National Joint Action Committee leader Geddes Granger, Apoesho Mutope, Winston Suite and Clive Nunez.</p><br>
<p>Messalonskee Lake is a body of water in the Belgrade Lakes region of Maine. It is bordered by the towns of Oakland, Sidney, and Belgrade. The lake is a 9 mile long, narrow, natural creation, resulting from continental collision and glacial scouring. A dam originally built in the town of Oakland in 1905 increased the lake&#39;s size.</p><br>
<p>In the first part of the 20th century, Messalonskee Stream provided waterpower for Oaklands Cascade Woolen Mill, as well as for a number of factories responsible for Oaklands long-defunct title as "axehead capital of the world."</p><br>
<p>Messalonskee Lake is home to a great variety of wildlife, including great blue herons, bass, yellow perch, white perch, sunfish, painted and snapping turtles, loons, and occasionally Bald Eagles can be seen soaring above the lake. The surrounding community has recently formed the Messalonskee Lake Association in the interest of its protection and preservation.</p><br>
<p>Like some Maine lakes, Messalonskee Lake has seen infestations of Milfoil.</p><br>
<p>The lake is also more commonly called "Snow Pond", a reference to Philip Snow who settled in the area in 1774.</p><br>
<p>Many summer camps and related tourist accommodations are located on Messalonskee Lake, among them the New England Music Camp, which was founded in 1937.</p><br>
<p>The Skerries  are a group of sparsely vegetated rocky islets , with a total area of about 17 hectare lying 3 km offshore from Carmel Head at the northwest corner of Anglesey, Wales. The islands are important as a breeding site for seabirds, and they attract divers, who come to visit the numerous shipwrecks. The Skerries Lighthouse sits atop the highest point in the islands.</p><br>
<p>The islands can be visited by charter boat from Holyhead. The individual islets are accessible from one another at low tide and by small bridges.</p><br>
<p>The name "Skerry" is the Scottish diminutive of the Old Norse "sker", and means a small rocky reef or island. The Welsh name for these islands, Ynysoedd y Moelrhoniaid, means "the Islands of Bald-headed Grey Seals".</p><br>
<h2>Seabirds</h2><br>
<p>The islands have a seabird colony, which is particularly important for the Arctic tern, numbers of which are nationally important; the roseate tern breeds occasionally in very small numbers. The following species also breed: Atlantic puffin, black-legged kittiwake, common tern, herring gull and lesser black-backed gull.</p><br>
<p>Because of these birds, in particular the terns, the island has been designated as part of the Ynys Feurig, Cemlyn Bay and The Skerries Special Protection Area along with two other nearby sites, Cemlyn Bay and Ynys Feurig, and all three are also classed by BirdLife International as an Important Bird Area. The Skerries have also been designated as a Site of Special Scientific Interest.</p><br>
<p>Terns interchange regularly between all three sites, and form part of a larger Irish Sea tern population together with birds at sites in Ireland such as Rockabill Island. The islands are wardened by the RSPB during the tern breeding season, and management measures they have undertaken here include control of introduced tree mallow (Lavatera arborea) and provision of nestboxes; these measures as aimed particularly at helping to increase the attractiveness of the site to breeding roseate terns, although it is accepted that the future number of pairs of this species here is primarily dependent on the overall health of the Irish Sea population.</p><br>
<p>The site came to national attention among birders briefly in July 2005 when it attracted a sooty tern, a species which only a very small number of birders had previously seen in Britain.</p><br>
<h2>Tidal power</h2><br>
<p>The area between the islands and mainland Anglesey is the site of the planned http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/science-environment-15389147 Skerries Tidal Stream Array, being developed by http://www.seagenwales.co.uk/ Marine Current Turbines and RWE npower.</p><br>
<p>The Providence Atoll is part of the Farquhar Group of islands in the Seychelles that are part of the Outer Islands, with a distance of 705 km southwest of the capital, Victoria, on Mahé Island.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The atoll was discovered in 1501 by Joao da Nova, a Portuguese explorer.</p><br>
<p>The atoll was under British control until 1976 when they became part of Seychelles at the time of independence.</p><br>
<p>Providence got its name after an event which happened in 1763.</p><br>
<p>A French frigate, ”Heureuse”, was stranded on its reef, 705 km from Victoria near the northern end of the atoll. The sailors reached Providence Island and were rescued a month later. It proved the salvation(fr: Providence) of the French sailors.</p><br>
<p>Cerf got its name after one of the ships of Captain Nicolas Morphey, called Le Cerf, who sighted the island on 30 July 1756.</p><br>
<h2>Geography</h2><br>
<p>The islands of Providence Atoll are small, coraline and inhospitable.</p><br>
<p>The atoll has length of 44 km on its north-south axis, and about 12 km width. The total area covered by the atoll is approximating 345 km². The aggregate land area, however, is only 2.82 km².</p><br>
<p>West of the atoll, the sea-bottom plunges steeply to 180 metres only, 2.5 km beyond the fringing reef.</p><br>
<h2>Providence Atoll Islands</h2><br>
<p>There are two islands in the atoll:</p><br>
<h3>Providence Island</h3><br>
<p>Providence Island is located in the far north of the atoll, at 9&deg;13&prime;S latitude, 51&deg;02&prime;E longitude. It is 3.6 km long north-south, and up to 650 m at its widest part. It has the shape of a kite. The land area is 1.72 km², with a coastline of 7.8 km.</p><br>
<h3>Bancs Providence (Cerf Island)</h3><br>
<p>Bancs Providence is located in the far south of the atoll, 30 km south of Providence Island, at 09&deg;31&prime;59&Prime;S latitude, 50&deg;59&prime;10&Prime;E longitude. It is divided into several small islands separated by shallow tidal channels, the number of which has varied in historical times. In 2016, Bancs Providence comprised four large and about six very small islands. In 1967 it was said to be a single large cay with four smaller ones while in 1905 there were seven small islands and in 1882 it comprised three small islets. The islands total 4.6 km long, and up to 900 m at their widest part, but in some places only 10 m wide. The land area is 1.1 km², with a coastline of 17 km.</p><br>
<p>The closest neighbor of the atoll is St. Pierre Island, 35 km west of Bancs Providence.</p><br>
<h2>Demographics</h2><br>
<p>Providence Island had a small settlement in the middle of the island, at 9&deg;13&prime;50&Prime;S latitude, 51&deg;01&prime;54&Prime;E longitude with 6 villagers,</p><br>
<p>But in 2006, Cyclone Bondo destroyed most of the buildings and about 60 per cent of the coconut trees,</p><br>
<p>The government plans on building an eco-tourism resort on the island in 2018, and a bidding process is already on the way.</p><br>
<p>Bancs Providence has never been permanently inhabited though temporary fishermens&#39; huts were recorded in the 19th century.</p><br>
<p>There are many shipwrecks including records of Maldivian mariner presence in this atoll from the 20th century, when a trading vessel from southern Maldives reached Providence Atoll after drifting in the ocean for weeks.</p><br>
<h2>Administration</h2><br>
<p>The atoll belongs to Outer Islands District.</p><br>
<h2>Transport</h2><br>
<p>Providence Island has no jetty, no airstrip and no transport links. The island is rarely visited except by the occasional Island Conservation Society expedition or by an Islands Development Company (IDC) boat from Mahé.</p><br>
<h2>Economics</h2><br>
<p>Providence Island was inhabited by workers engaged in fishing and copra production probably continuously from at least 1846 until late 2006. Following Cyclone Bondo,the island was evacuated on 26 December 2006. A subsequent attempt to construct an airstrip to service the inhabitants was abandoned and the island has remained uninhabited since then.</p><br>
<h2>Flora and fauna</h2><br>
<p>Providence Atoll occupies an extensive bank of shallow water well known for its profusion of fish.</p><br>
<p>There are no alien mammals and the only land bird is Madagascar Fody.</p><br>
<p>Significant numbers of Greater Crested Tern and Black-naped Tern breed at Bancs Providence. There are also very large numbers of Grey Heron breeding in the largest heronry of Seychelles and small numbers of Fairy Tern.</p><br>
<h2>Tourism</h2><br>
<p>The island is a famous fly-fish destination</p><br>
<h2>Image gallery</h2><br>
<p>The Vaigai is a river in Madurai, Tamil Nadu state of southern India. It originates in Varusanadu Hills, the Periyar Plateau of the Western Ghats range, and flows northeast through the Kambam Valley, which lies between the Palni Hills to the north and the Varushanad Hills to the south. The Vattaparai Falls are located on this river. As it rounds the eastern corner of the Varushanad Hills, the river turns southeast, running through the region of Pandya Nadu. Madurai, the largest city in the Pandya Nadu region and its ancient capital, lies on the Vaigai. The river empties into the Palk Strait in Ramanathapuram District.</p><br>
<p>The Vaigai is 258 km long, with a drainage basin 7,031 km&sup2; large.</p><br>
<h2>Etymology and Mythology</h2><br>
<p>Sangam literature (circa 300 B.C) has paid many tributes to Vaigai, extolling it as the river that brings water when one touches it, viz the etymology Vai (place your) + gai (hands)=place one&#39;s hands.</p><br>
<p>The following story is told about the birth of the river Vaigai etc. Meenakshi, the daughter of a Pandyan king, was an incarnation of Parvati. From a very young age, she made up her mind to marry Lord Shiva and none else. Her family was initially against this but eventually consented to her wish and arranged the wedding. Sundareswara (Siva), being an ascetic, came to the wedding without any family or relatives accompanying him. Disappointed at this, the Pandyan king angrily showed Siva the huge amount of food prepared for the bridegrooms relatives. Siva pointed to a friend he had brought with him saying He will consume all the food that youve made. This friend was a Rakshasa named Kundodhara. After Kundodhara finished all the food that was prepared, He became very thirsty and started asking for water. All the wells and canals in Madurai were not sufficient to quench his thirst. Then, Siva asked Kundodhara to put his hand out and opened a small part of his hair lock and Ganga began to flow into his hand. After quenching his thirst, The rest of the waters began flowing in Madurai as the Vaigai river.</p><br>
<h2>Tributaries</h2><br>
<p>The main tributaries of the river Vaigai are, the river Suruliyaru, the river Mullaiyaaru, the river Varaganadi, the river Manjalaru and river Kridhumaal. All these rivers, except Kridhumaal join with the great Vaigai river nearer to the places around the Vaigai Dam which is situated in Theni district, whereas Kridhumaal joins Vaigai in Madurai.</p><br>
<p>Vaigai gets major feed from the Periyar Dam in Kumuli, Kerala. Water from the Periyar River in Kerala is diverted into the Vaigai River in Tamil Nadu via a tunnel through the Western Ghats. In summers, the Vaigai river ends up dry very often. The water never reaches Madurai, let alone flowing into places past Madurai.</p><br>
<h2>Dams</h2><br>
<p>The Vaigai Dam is built across the river in Periyakulam Taluk, in the Theni district of Tamil Nadu. It provides water for irrigation for the Madurai district and the Dindigul district as well as drinking water to Madurai and Andipatti. Near the dam, the Government of Tamil Nadu has constructed an Agricultural Research Station for researching the growing of a variety of crops, including rice, sorghum, blackgram, cowpea and cotton.</p><br>
<p>The Periyar Dam was built in 1895 by John Pennycuick, who implemented a plan proposed over a century earlier by Pradani Muthirulappa Pillai of Ramnad. The dam was built by the British Army Engineering corps for the Travancore kingdom. The first dam was washed away by floods, and a second masonry dam was constructed in 1895.</p><br>
<p>"Greater than the mother bearing child/Greater than the child that is born/Every breath is Periyar/Every word is Periyar/In every place, in all the world/As far as Periyar water flows/Your name will stand-Pennycuick-your name/Though written on water, will always stand".</p><br>
<p>That is how Anthony Muthu Pillai (1863–1929) had paid tributes in Tamil to John Pennycuick, the engineer who had taken up the "audacious and unprecedented feat of...engineering" for transferring some water from the Periyar river in Travancore State to the Vaigai basin in Madras Presidency. This basin was described by poet and lyricist Vairamuthu, who hails from this area: "It is a different world. Another planet on the surface of the earth. Ignored by the clouds, cursed by nature and dry land, passed by the Gods with their eyes tightly shut..."</p><br>
<p>Orestiada  is the northeasternmost and northernmost city of Greece and the second largest town of the Evros regional unit of Thrace. The population is around 20,000.</p><br>
<h2>Geography</h2><br>
<p>Orestiada lies in the plain of the river Evros, at 40 metres above sea level. Orestiada is only 6 km west of the banks of the Evros, which forms a natural border between Greece and Turkey. Orestiada is located 17 km north of Didymoteicho, 19 km south of Edirne, 28 km southeast of the Greek-Turkish-Bulgarian tripoint, 40 km southeast of Svilengrad, 91 km northeast of Alexandroupoli, and 212 km west of Istanbul. The Greek National Road 51/E85 passes 1 km to the west of Orestiada. Orestiada also has a railway station on the Thessaloniki–Svilengrad railway.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Orestiada is relatively recent town by Greek standards, less than 100 years old. In ancient times, there was a small settlement on this site which legends claim was founded by Orestes, the son of Agamemnon and Clytemnestra. Ancient Orestiada was located in present-day Turkey, across the river from the town of Kastanies, and the site remains undeveloped. Nea Orestias or New Orestiada was founded in 1922 when the population exchange occurred between Turkey and Greece, in which the Evros River became the new border between the two countries. Because it is a relatively recent city, it is laid out on a grid plan, unlike most Greek cities.</p><br>
<h2>Economy</h2><br>
<p>Orestiada has a medical center, an orchestra and a choir as well as a sugar factory, outside the city which processes locally grown sugar beets. Asparagus, potatoes, tobacco, watermelons and corn are also grown. As well, a cattle breeding fund gives commercial impetus to the city and the whole area which is in such an economically strategic location in Europe.</p><br>
<p>It is also the site of the Fylakio detention center for illegal immigrants. In November 2010, the European Union sent Frontex forces to Orestiada to help Greek police patrol the local section of the border with Turkey. Some 31,400 people crossed just that portion of the border in the first nine months of 2010.</p><br>
<h2>Education</h2><br>
<p>In 1999, Orestiada became the fourth town to host university departments (faculties) of the Democritus University of Thrace. The faculties based in Orestiada are the Department of Agricultural Development and the Department of Forestry, Environmental Management and Natural Resources. Both faculties have a five-year curriculum. More than 800 students live in the city.</p><br>
<h2>Sports</h2><br>
<p>Orestias hosts two sports club with presence in the higher national divisions, Orestis Orestiadas F.C. a football club and A.C. Orestias a volleyball club, playing in A1 Ethniki.</p><br>
<h2>Climate</h2><br>
<h2>Municipality</h2><br>
<p>The municipality Orestiada was formed at the 2011 local government reform by the merger of the following 4 former municipalities, that became municipal units:</p><br>
<p>Kyprinos</p><br>
<p>Orestiada</p><br>
<p>Trigono</p><br>
<p>Vyssa</p><br>
<p>The municipality has an area of 955.591 km, the municipal unit 256.898 km.</p><br>
<h3>Communities</h3><br>
<p>The municipal unit Orestiada is subdivided into the following communities (constituent settlements in brackets):</p><br>
<p>Orestiada (Orestiada, Lepti, Neos Pyrgos, Palaia Sagini, Sakkos)</p><br>
<p>Ampelakia</p><br>
<p>Chandras</p><br>
<p>Megali Doxipara</p><br>
<p>Neo Cheimonio</p><br>
<p>Neochori (Neochori, Patagi)</p><br>
<p>Thourio</p><br>
<p>Valtos</p><br>
<h2>Province</h2><br>
<p>The province of Orestiada (Επαρχία Ορεστιάδας) was one of the provinces of the Evros Prefecture. It had the same territory as the present municipality. It was abolished in 2006.</p><br>
<h2>Population</h2><br>
<p>The population of the settlements within the municipal community of Orestiada at the 2011 census was:</p><br>
<p>Orestiada 18,426</p><br>
<p>Lepti 641</p><br>
<p>Neos Pyrgos 943</p><br>
<p>Palaia Sagini 15</p><br>
<p>Sakkos 186</p><br>
<p>Cannon Mountain  is a 4,080 ft peak in the White Mountains of New Hampshire. It is known for both its technical rock and ice climbing on its cliff face and skiing at Cannon Mountain Ski Area. Until the formation collapsed on May 3, 2003, it was also home to the Old Man of the Mountain.</p><br>
<p>Cannon has three sub-peaks with heights of 3,693, 3,700, and 3,769 feet (1,125, 1,127 and 1,148 m), collectively known as "The Cannon Balls." Geologically, it is an exfoliating granite dome. Part of the Kinsman Range, the mountain is located within Franconia Notch State Park.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Rock climbers were pioneering routes on Cannons cliffs in the 1920s. Its ski area is one of the oldest in North America. Trails had been cut on the mountain prior to 1933, but the mountain gained widespread recognition that year when the Taft Slalom was cut as the first racing trail in North America. The mountain gained lift service with the construction of the first aerial tramway in North America, in 1938. A new tram was erected in 1980 with a vertical ascent of and a capacity of 140 people (two seventy-person cabins), roughly three times larger than the original lift. The old tram base and summit-stations remain intact, and one of the old cabins serves as the entranceway to the New England Ski Museum, opened in 1982 at the mountains base area. The museum houses what it calls "the most extensive collection of historical ski equipment, clothing, film, photographs, literature, and artwork in the East" and is one of four museums in the USA to be recognized by the United States Ski Association as a Regional Museum.</p><br>
<p>Cannon hosted the first Alpine Skiing World Cup races ever held in North America in 1967, with races being listed as occurring at Franconia.</p><br>
<p>In 1972, the US Board on Geographic Names officially changed the name from Profile Mountain, which it had been called officially since 1917, to Cannon Mountain. The two names both are derived from natural rock formations featured on the mountain; the former being the famous "Old Man of the Mountain" and the latter being a series of boulders which, when viewed from the foot of the mountain, resemble an antique cannon. Before being called Profile Mountain, the mountain was also called Frank Mountain.</p><br>
<p>On April 2, 1973, the second strongest surface wind gust ever recorded in the United States of America was measured by University of Massachusetts Amherst researchers on the summit. Although wind velocity maxima were measured at 199.5 mi/h, this reading represents the physical limit of the recording instrument, and thus the true value may have been quite higher. Only the record value measured on nearby Mount Washington in 1934 exceeds this value in terms of American wind extrema.</p><br>
<p>The summit of Cannon Mountain is home to a UHF amateur radio repeater on 449.875 MHz as well as two repeaters belonging to the ABC affiliate WMUR-TV.</p><br>
<h2>Recreation and tourism</h2><br>
<p>Cannon Mountain and its base area host a variety of year-round sports, including hiking, climbing, skiing and fishing. Tourists enjoy its beautiful scenery, an aerial tramway, summit restaurant, and museum on the history of skiing.</p><br>
<h3>Hiking</h3><br>
<p>A number of trails criss-cross Cannon Mountain and the surrounding region. The Kinsman Ridge Trail begins on the northeast side of the mountain in Franconia Notch near the base of the Tramway, passes near but not directly over the summit, and leads to the southwest across the Cannon Balls and the Kinsman peaks on to Kinsman Notch at the north base of Mount Moosilauke. The Mittersill-Cannon Trail, seasonally open from spring to fall, climbs to the summit area from the northwest, traversing Mittersill Peak on its climb. Both trails join the Rim Trail near the summit, which in turn climbs to the summit tower in a loop partially overlapped by the KRT. Lonesome Lake, on the south side of the mountain, is a popular hiking destination and is the location of the Appalachian Mountain Club-maintained Lonesome Lake Hut. The Appalachian Trail passes Lonesome Lake but does not cross the summit of Cannon. The base of the cliff face can be approached via an ambiguous path up the right side of the talus field.</p><br>
<h3>Climbing</h3><br>
<p>At roughly 1,000 ft high and more than 1 mi long, Cannon Cliff is the largest vertical rock face in the Northeast. According to a SummitPost description, "Some of the aid lines are long and difficult enough to require a bivy, making Cannon the only Big Wall in the northeast." Cannon is popular with free- and aid-climbers in summer and ice- and mixed climbers in winter. (V)Ice Fest, an annual ice climbing festival, is held in the Franconia Notch region and features climbing on Cannon Cliff.</p><br>
<p>Climbers are asked to sign in and out of a log book so that search parties may be organized if they are overdue. Several rock and ice guide books exist for Cannon and Franconia Notch, most notably Secrets of the Notch by Jon Sykes.</p><br>
<p>Notable rock climbing routes:</p><br>
<p>Whitney-Gilman Ridge: 5.7, 5 pitches. This route up the prominent arête in the center of the face is possibly Cannons signature climb. The 3rd pitch (the Pipe Pitch&#39;) features outstanding exposure over the Black Dike. Protection is a mix of trad and fixed bolts and pitons. First ascent was by Bradley Gilman and Hassler Whitney on August 3, 1929.</p><br>
<p>Moby Grape: 5.8, 9 pitches. Ascends the tallest section of the cliff. Starts with Reppy&#39;s Crack; superb climbing all the way up. First ascent was by Joe Cote and Roger Martin on July 1972.</p><br>
<p>Notable ice climbing routes:</p><br>
<p>The Black Dike: 4+/5-, tall; 3 pitches. A popular mixed ice climb. First ascent was by John Bouchard on December 18, 1971 (solo).</p><br>
<p>Omega: 5+, 3 pitches. Mixed climbing. Hardest ice climb in the region. First ascent by John Bouchard and Rainsford Rouner in 1976.</p><br>
<h4>Approach and descent</h4><br>
<p>The approach trail to Cannon cliff can be found by walking along the bike path on the western (southbound) side of I-93. Climbers park and sign in at a trailhead lot just south of Profile Lake. After about 1 mi of narrow, climber-maintained trails through the woods, climbers must cross a long section of talus.</p><br>
<p>Steep unofficial descent trails back to the trailhead can be found on both the north and south ends of the cliff, above Whitney-Gilman and Lakeside, respectively.</p><br>
<h3>Skiing</h3><br>
<p>The Cannon Mountain Ski Area is state-owned and offers nine lifts servicing 165 acre of skiing (158 with snowmaking). In the 1930s, the Civilian Conservation Corps cut six ski trails, many of which were later incorporated into the Cannon Mountain Ski Area and, until 1984, the Mittersill Ski Area. The Mittersill Ski Area and Taft CCC Ski Trail were incorporated into the Cannon Mountain Ski Area in 2009.</p><br>
<p>US Olympic gold medal winning skier Bode Miller grew up skiing at Cannon.</p><br>
<h3>Tourism</h3><br>
<p>Cannon has a number of non-sport-related features which make it a popular tourist attraction. The aerial tramway operates year-round. Though the lift terminates at the summit of the ski area, which is not the peak of the mountain itself, two hiking trails (the Cannon Mountain Short Trail and the Rim Trail) provide a way to the summit. The tramway opens for the summer season in mid-May and closes in mid-October, and is open daily from 9am to 5pm. There, an observation tower provides a panoramic view of the White Mountains Region. The Old Man of the Mountain was a popular attraction until its collapse in spring 2003; the Old Man of the Mountain Historic Site remains an attraction. Also notable is Profile Lake, a lake popular with both fly fisherman and anglers, and the New England Ski Museum.</p><br>
<p>The Palani Hills  are a mountain range in the states of Kerala and Tamil Nadu in South India. The Palani Hills are an eastward extension of the Western Ghats ranges, which run parallel to the west coast of India. The Palani Hills adjoin the high Anamalai range  on the west, and extend east into the plains of Tamil Nadu, covering an area of 2,068 km&sup2;. The highest part of the range is in the southwest, and reaches 1,800-2,500 metres  elevation; the eastern extension of the range is made up of hills 1,000-1,500 m  high.</p><br>
<p>It is also home to one of the shrines of Lord Karthikeyan or Murugan, who is worshipped as the primary god in Tamil Nadu.</p><br>
<h2>Geography</h2><br>
<p>Vandaravu peak is the highest peak in the Palani hills.The range lies between the Cumbum Valley on the south, which is drained by the Vaigai River and its upper tributaries, and the Kongunadu region to the north. The northern slopes are drained by the Shanmukha River, Nanganji River, and Kodavanar River, which are tributaries of the Kaveri River. The range lies mostly within Dindigul district, except in the western portion, where it forms the boundary between Dindigul district and Theni district to the south and Idukki District to the south west. The hill station of Kodaikanal lies in the southern central portion of the range.</p><br>
<h2>Ecoregions</h2><br>
<p>The lower elevations of the Palani Hills, between 250 and 1,000 m (820-3,281 ft), are part of the South Western Ghats moist deciduous forests ecoregion. Above 1,000 m (3,281 ft), the deciduous forests transition to the evergreen South Western Ghats montane rain forests. In the highest portions of the range, above 2,000 m (6,562 ft), the montane rainforests give way to shola-grassland mosaic, made up of frost-tolerant montane grasslands interspersed with pockets of stunted shola forests.</p><br>
<h2>Conservation</h2><br>
<p>The Palani Hills are currently subject to increasing development pressure. The Palani Hills Conservation Council, a non-governmental organization headquartered in Kodaikanal, was founded in 1985. In the early 1990s the Tamil Nadu Forest Department proposed to the Tamil Nadu state government that much of the range be granted protected status as a wildlife sanctuary or Palani Hills Wildlife Sanctuary and National Park.</p><br>
<p>Kharg Island  is a continental island in the Persian Gulf belonging to Iran. The island is located 25 km off the coast of Iran and 483 km northwest of the Strait of Hormuz. Administered by the adjacent coastal Bushehr Province, Kharg Island provides a sea port for the export of oil and extends Iranian territorial sea claims into the Persian Gulf oil fields. Located on Kharg Island is Kharg, the only city in the Kharg District.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Mentioned in the Hudud al-&#39;alam as a good source for pearls around 982 AD, Kharg was visited by Jean de Thévenot in 1665, who recorded trade at the time with Isfahan and Basra. In 1753 the Dutch Empire established both a trading post and a fort on the island after securing perpetual ownership of the island from Mir Nasáir, the Arab ruler of Bandar Rig, in return for a present of 2000 rupees. In 1766 the Dutch fort was captured by Mir Mahanna, the governor of Bandar Rig.</p><br>
<p>The island was briefly occupied in 1838 by the British to block the Siege of Herat (1838) but was soon returned. Amoco built and operated the oil terminal on the island. Its property was expropriated after the revolution.</p><br>
<p>Once the worlds largest offshore crude oil terminal and the principal sea terminal for Iranian oil, the Kharg Island facilities were put out of commission in the fall of 1986. Heavy bombing of the Kharg Island facilities from 1980 through 1988 by the Iraqi Air Force during the Iran–Iraq War all but destroyed most of the terminal facilities. Kharg Island was situated in the middle of the Darius Oilfield, also destroyed by the intensive bombing. Repair to all facilities has been very slow, even after the war ended in 1988. The events experienced by this island gave rise to the dispute in the English contract law case The Kanchenjunga 1 Lloyds Rep 391, regarding the conditions for repudiatory breach of contract and a claimant&#39;s right to elect to accept repudiation.</p><br>
<p>In 2009, Iran exported and swapped 950 million barrels of crude oil via southern Kharg oil terminal.</p><br>
<h2>Archaeology</h2><br>
<p>The first archaeological evidence of human occupation on Kharg island was reported by Captain A. W. Stiffe in 1898, with studies published about his discoveries by F. Sarre and E. Herzfeld in 1910. They discovered two rock-cut chambered tombs featuring arched entranceways to a main chamber with vestibule from which spawned around twenty smaller chambers. The southern tomb is 13 m deep and features a relief of a reclining man drinking in the Selucid and Parthian styles of Palmyra along with a damaged relief suggested to feature Nike on the face of a sphere-topped column. Mary-Joseph Steve has argued that the architecture of the tombs is more reminiscent of Nabataean architecture at Petra than anything Palmyrene.</p><br>
<p>Another Eighty three rock cut tombs and sixty two megalithic tombs have been studied on Kharg. The rock-cut tombs fall into four categories; single chambered, shallow tombs of varying shape, pit burials and excavated multi-chambered complexes. Steve also noticed the presence of several Nestorian style crosses at some of the tombs.</p><br>
<p>There are also ruins of a coarse stone temple on the island measuring around 7.5 m square with a plastered altar for fire in the centre.</p><br>
<p>A Christian church complex or ancient monastery of some 96 m by 85 m is also located on the island featuring a chapel, nineteen monks cells, library and courtyard.</p><br>
<h3>Achaemenid inscription</h3><br>
<p>On November 14, 2007, a cuneiform inscription dating back to Achaemenid era was discovered on Kharg Island in Old Persian. The inscription is carved on a coral rock in Old Persian semi-syllabic cuneiform signs. Despite the usually well-ordered regular system of Achaemenid inscriptions, this one is in an unusual order written in five lines.</p><br>
<p>On May 31, 2008, the inscription was seriously damaged by unknown vandal(s). They destroyed it with a sharp object, such that about 70 percent of the inscription was seriously damaged. The nature of the damage indicates that it was done deliberately.</p><br>
<p>Jean de Thévenot noted the presences of qanats on the island that would have provided ancient irrigation.</p><br>
<h2>In popular culture</h2><br>
<p>The island appears with a SAM radar installation on it in the Sega Genesis flight simulator F-15 Strike Eagle II in the Persian Gulf mission map.</p><br>
<p>The island is featured as a playable map in DICE&#39;s Battlefield 3 video game, having some resemblance to the real island.</p><br>
<p>It also appears in Delta Force: Black Hawk Down – Team Sabre.</p><br>
<p>Pigeon House Mountain (Aboriginal: Didthul located on the South Coast region of New South Wales, Australia.</p><br>
<p>The prominent remnant of a two tier sandstone structure, the nearest town is Milton. Pigeon House Mountain is a popular walking destination, taking an average of three to four hours for a complete ascent and descent from the car park.</p><br>
<p>Pigeon House Mountain is home to eastern grey kangaroos and superb lyrebirds.</p><br>
<h2>Etymology</h2><br>
<p>The mountain was named by Captain James Cook during his voyage of discovery along Australia&#39;s eastern coast in 1770.</p><br>
<p>The Aboriginal name for the mountain is Didthul (or Didhol or Dithol) which means "woman&#39;s breast" on account of the distinctive shape of the mountain.</p><br>
<p>Lager Borkum was a labour camp on Alderney, in the Channel Islands, named after the East Frisian Island of Borkum.</p><br>
<p>The Germans built four camps, two of which became concentration camps on the island, subcamps of the Neuengamme concentration camp (located in Hamburg, Germany). Each camp was named after one of the Frisian Islands: Lager Norderney located at Saye, Lager Borkum at Platte Saline, Lager Sylt near the old telegraph tower at La Foulère and Lager Helgoland, situated in the northwest corner of the island. Over 700 workers died in the Alderney camps (out of a total inmate population of about 6,000) and in ships moving them to and from the Island.</p><br>
<h2>Camp</h2><br>
<p>Little remains of Lager Borkum now. The gateposts still stand, but now form the entry to the island&#39;s tip - the impot.</p><br>
<p>It was built by the Organisation Todt in January 1942 by and for their forced labourers. It was used by the Organisation Todt, a forced labour programme, to build fortifications including bunkers, gun emplacements, air-raid shelters, and other concrete structures.</p><br>
<p>The Borkum and Helgoland camps were "volunteer" (Hilfswillige) labour camps and the labourers in those camps were paid but treated harshly, better than the inmates at the Sylt and Norderney camps.</p><br>
<p>Lager Borkum was located near the centre of Alderney and was the smallest of the four camps. The Borkum and Helgoland camps were "volunteer" (Hilfswillige) labour camps. Norderney camp housed European (usually Eastern but including Spaniard) and Russian enforced labourers.</p><br>
<p>Lager Borkum was used for paid German technicians and volunteers from different countries of Europe. Lager Helgoland was filled with Russian Organisation Todt volunteer workers. (For further information on Alderney camps, see Appendix F: Concentration Camps: Endlösung – The Final Solution; Alderney, a Nazi concentration camp on an island Anglo-Norman;</p><br>
<p>Morven  is a mountain in Caithness, in the Highland Region of Scotland. The hill is classed as a Graham and, at 706 metres, its summit is the highest point in the county of Caithness.</p><br>
<p>Caithness is generally quite low lying. Morvens relative height and conical appearance makes it a prominent feature of the landscape as seen from many different places in the county. It is among the most prominent of the mountains that can be seen across the Moray Firth from the area surrounding Buckie on clear days. Indeed, a street in the seaside village of Findochty is named Morven Crescent due to its view of the mountain Morven. Buckpool Golf Clubs 5th hole is named Morven and Morven View is a not uncommon house name for properties in the Buckie area with a view over the Moray Firth.</p><br>
<p>There is also a Morven in Aberdeenshire.</p><br>
<p>Prince George, Duke of Kent, brother of King George, died in an air crash on a hillside near Morven on 25 August 1942 while serving in the Royal Air Force.</p><br>
<p>Mont Saint-Grégoire  is a mountain in the Montérégie region of southern Quebec, Canada. It is composed of essexite and syenite, strongly contrasting with the surrounding sedimentary rocks. The area around Mont Saint-Grégoire is known for its maple syrup production, as well as some wine production.</p><br>
<p>The name was changed in 1923 from Mount Johnson.</p><br>
<h2>Geology</h2><br>
<p>It is thought that Mont Saint-Grégoire might be the deep extension of a vastly eroded ancient volcanic complex, which was probably active about 125 million years ago. The mountain was created when the North American Plate moved westward over the New England hotspot, along with the other mountains of the Monteregian Hills. It forms part of the vast Great Meteor hotspot track.</p><br>
<p>The Pinega  is a river in Verkhnetoyemsky, Pinezhsky, and Kholmogorsky Districts of Arkhangelsk Oblast in Russia. It is a right tributary of the Northern Dvina River. It is 779 km long, and the area of its basin 42,600 km&sup2;. Its main tributaries are the Ilesha, the Vyya, the Yula, the Pokshenga, and the Yezhuga.</p><br>
<p>The Pinega is the main waterway of the Pinezhsky District, with many of the settlements in the district located on the river banks. The river basin includes the north-western part of the Krasnoborsky District, the eastern part of the Verkhnetoyemsky District, the eastern part of the Vinogradovsky District, the major part of the Pinezhsky District, the eastern part of the Kholmogorsky District, and minor areas in the Leshukonsky District and in the Udorsky District of the Komi Republic. The Pinega flows in the hilly landscape, on the western border of the Timan Ridge, in the coniferous forest (taiga). It freezes up in mid October or early November and stays under the ice until mid April or early May.</p><br>
<p>The etymology of the name Pinega is unclear.</p><br>
<p>The Pinega starts in Verkhnetoyemsky District, close to the border with Krasnoborsky District, at the confluence of the Belaya River and the Chyornaya River. There it flows to the north-west, then turns north. The first village on the Pinega is Belorechensky, still in Verkhnetoyemsky District. North of Belorechensky, the river meanders, and after accepting the Okhtoma River from the left, turns east. From this point downstream, the valley of the Pinega is populated, and the villages are grouped by several into mini-agglomerations. The Pinega accepts the Ilesha from the south and turns north again, emerging as a broad river with high banks. Further downstream it accepts the Vyya from the west, in the village of Ust-Vyyskaya, and after accepting the Nyukhcha from the right, in the village of Zanyukhcha, turns north-west. From this point on, the unpaved road appears from the Komi Republik, and follows the right bank of the river. Downstream from Zanyukhcha, the Pinega passes historical selos of Sura and Verkola, accepts the Yula from the west, and passes the selo of Kevrola, which was the historical center of the area before the 19th century, on the left bank, and the selo of Karpogory, which is the current administrative center of the Pinezhsky District, on the right bank. Several kilometers downstream from Karpogory, the Pinega accepts the Pokshenga and turns north. In the village of Shilega, there is a railway bridge on the railroad connecting Arkhangelsk and Karpogory.</p><br>
<p>Downstream from the mouth of the Yezhuga the Pinega suddenly turns west, and in the settlement of Pinega, which served as the administrative center of the area, turns south-west. On the right-hand bank Pinezhsky Nature Reserve has been established. Further downstream, the Pinega crosses into the Kholmogorsky District. Its mouth is in the historical settlement of Ust-Pinega.</p><br>
<p>The river is navigable upstream to 580 km from its mouth; downstream from the village of Gorka, however, there is no passenger navigation. At one point, several kilometers upstream from the settlement of Pinega, the river comes within a distance of several kilometers to the course of the Kuloy. In this place, the Kuloy-Pinega Canal was constructed in 1926–28, however, currently the canal is pretty much neglected.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The area was originally populated by Finno-Ugric peoples and then colonized by the Novgorod Republic. In the 13th century the Novgorod merchants already reached the White Sea. The Pinega was used by Novgorod merchants as the source of fur and also as the trading route to the basin of the Pechora River.</p><br>
<p>From the Northern Dvina, there were a number of ways into the basin of the Mezen (from where the merchants could get to the basin of the Pechora and the Ob). Two options included going upstream the Pinega and taking the boats by land to the Kuloy and to the Mezen, or using the Pukshenga and the Pokshenga Rivers to get to the Pinega, and then from the Yezhuga taking boats by land to the Zyryanskaya Yezhuga and the Vashka.</p><br>
<p>Apokoronas  is a municipality and a former province  in Chania regional unit, north-west Crete, Greece. It is situated on the north coast of Crete, to the east of Chania itself. The seat of the municipality is the village Vryses. The municipality has an area of 315.478 km&sup2;.</p><br>
<h2>Geography</h2><br>
<p>The Apokoronas extends from the foothills of the White Mountains north to the coast, in a wide plain with rolling hills. To the east, Cape Drapanon rises above the plain and extends out into the Sea of Crete. The area is very green and fertile, unusual for rocky Crete. The Kiliaris river, known in antiquity as Pyknos, runs through the region. Robert Pashley suggested that the name Apokoronas came from the ancient city of Ippokoronas or Ippokoronion, also cited by Strabo. This city may have been located near modern Nipos, or on the site of the Venetian fortress, Castel Apicorono, on an outcrop between Kalyves and Almyrida. The major towns of Apokoronas are Vamos, Armenoi and Vryses, with police, municipal and utility offices as well as taverns and large churches; Kalyves, Almyrida and Georgioupoli are the largest beach resorts. Tourism and agriculture are the major local industries, with much construction and quarrying to satisfy the demands of many foreigners eager to buy or rent properties in what used to be beautiful and traditional villages. Gavalohori is among the more popular villages for foreign buyers, with a large amount of often low-quality building taking place. Many residents or workers in Chania also have homes in the area.</p><br>
<p>Apokoronas was the location of much of the filming of the movie Zorba the Greek.</p><br>
<h2>Municipality</h2><br>
<p>The municipality Apokoronas was formed at the 2011 local government reform by the merger of the following 6 former municipalities, that became municipal units:</p><br>
<p>Armenoi</p><br>
<p>Asi Gonia</p><br>
<p>Fres</p><br>
<p>Georgioupoli</p><br>
<p>Kryonerida</p><br>
<p>Vamos</p><br>
<h2>Province</h2><br>
<p>The province of Apokoronas (Επαρχία Αποκορώνου) was one of the provinces of Chania Prefecture. It covered the same area as the current municipality. It was abolished in 2006.</p><br>
<p>Agria  is a town and a former municipality in Magnesia, Thessaly, Greece. Since the 2011 local government reform it is part of the municipality Volos, of which it is a municipal unit. The municipal unit has an area of 25.227 km. It lies on the Pelion peninsula about 7 km from Volos.</p><br>
<h2>Name</h2><br>
<p>There are some different opinions about the town&#39;s name. Some believe that the name comes from wild olive trees (Agrielies) (Αγριελιές), or a small plant named "Agriada" (Αγριάδα). A scholar named Patroklos Palamidas from the nearby village of Lechonia said that the name originated from an ancient temple, which existed in the region and was dedicated to Agrea Dimitra (Αγραία Δήμητρα).</p><br>
<h2>Ottoman occupation (1423-1881)</h2><br>
<p>During the Turkish occupation in Agria there were few settlements such as a hostel for caravans and a toll station. However, houses were built in the early 19th century, before the Revolution of 1821. It is relatively new town (the community was established in 1912). The area formerly belonged to the villages of Drakia and Agios Laurentios, a port from which these and other villages distributed agricultural and craft products.</p><br>
<h2>Economic growth</h2><br>
<p>From 1809 - 1860 companies were created that exported local crafts and copper to Western Europe, Romania, and Russia.</p><br>
<p>Agria started to grow rapidly after the annexation of Thessaly from the Turks, and with the construction of a coastal road and rail network during 1895 that connected Volos to the southwestern villages of Pelion, which exported sea fruit, oil, and black olives from the bay.</p><br>
<p>In 1911 the international cement plant A.G.E.T HERCULES (Α.Γ.Ε.Τ ΗΡΑΚΛΗΣ) was founded there. The plant occupies a natural harbor and is among the largest cement producers in Europe, Asia, and America.</p><br>
<p>In 1920 an English commercial paper stated that Agria was «the largest port in the world» with reference to their exports of olives and oil. Around two hundred thousand kilos (200 tons) of table olives are exported annually from Agria.</p><br>
<p>A new wave of residents moved to Agria in 1922 when refugees from Asia Minor, mainly Eastern Thrace, took shelter there after their expulsion from their home land.</p><br>
<p>20th century Agria saw population and industrial growth. The famous EPSA (ΕΨΑ) founded in 1924 by the Kosmadopoulos brothers, who owned a bank, built a refrigerated fruit and ice plant. The overproduction of lemons in the already developed movement of traditional lemonade from Asia Minor sellers, leading owners to recruit a German engineer for running drink bottling plant. The legend is the German engineer has discovered a rare recipe for the production of lemonade, recipe still used today is unchanged and the company&#39;s stock.</p><br>
<p>Other local businesses were founded and flourished then as the factories of packaging and trade of olives, the wood processing industry which was originally craft construction barrels and the modernization of the industry turned to woodworking and furniture at the same time. Other smaller companies also mostly oil warehouses - have begun to operate and attract people to Agria.</p><br>
<h2>WWII Italian and German occupation (1941-1944)</h2><br>
<p>From June 1941 until September 1943 the village was base for the Italian occupation forces. From October 1943 until September 1944 Agria was the home and base for operations of a company of the 4th Polizei Waffen SS field engineers, the 16th Coy SS Pz. Gren. Rgt 8. The commanders building still exists. It is a neoclassical house located at the center of Agria next to the church of Saint George(Agios Georgios).</p><br>
<h2>Tourism</h2><br>
<p>In the summer months it becomes a popular tourist destination. The large beach at Agria and at nearby Soutrali beach are good for swimming. The chapels of Timios Stavros, Panaghia Goritsa and Panaghia Tripa, built within the rocks, are remarkable for their beauty and simplicity. At the end of July exhibitions of popular art and local dances take place. Also in the middle of summer when there is a new moon there is a celebration in honor of the fishermen (psaradiki vradia) where fresh kakavia (traditional fish soup) is served. The area used to have many olive groves which, unfortunately enough, have now mainly been replaced by modern buildings.</p><br>
<h2>Notable people</h2><br>
<p>Vangelis (1943–), composer</p><br>
<p>Woodbridge is a historic neighborhood of primarily Victorian homes located in Detroit, Michigan. The district was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1980, with later boundary increases in 1997 and 2008. In addition to its historic value, Woodbridge is also notable for being an intact neighborhood of turn-of-the-century homes within walking or biking distance of Detroit&#39;s Downtown, Midtown, New Center, and Corktown neighborhoods.</p><br>
<h2>Description</h2><br>
<p>The district as recognized by the National Register of Historic Places was originally bounded by Trumbull Street, Calumet Street, Gibson Street, Grand River Avenue, Rosa Parks Boulevard, West Warren Avenue, Wabash Street, Railroad Tracks, and the Edsel Ford Freeway. The boundaries of the District were increased twice: in 1997, 4304-14 Trumbull Street (private residences) and 3800 Grand River Avenue were added to the district, and in 2008 the southeast corner of Trumbull Street and Warren Avenue (Saint Dominic Roman Catholic Church) was added.</p><br>
<p>Most structures in the district are located on north-south streets. The irregularly-shaped district includes structure at 3800 Grand River Avenue (between Avery Street and Commonwealth Street), and structures within the following boundaries:</p><br>
<p>on the east side of Wabash street, on both sides of Vermont Street, and on both sides of Rosa Parks Boulevard from the Edsel Ford Freeway to Warren Avenue</p><br>
<p>on the west side of Rosa Parks Boulevard from Warren Avenue to Grand River Avenue</p><br>
<p>on both sides of Hecla Street, Avery Street, and Commonwealth Street from the Edsel Ford Freeway to Grand River Avenue</p><br>
<p>on the west side of Trumbull Street from the Edsel Ford Freeway to Canfield Street</p><br>
<p>on the east side of Trumbull Street at the south corner of Warren Avenue</p><br>
<p>on both sides of Trumbull Street from Canfield Street to Grand River Avenue; and</p><br>
<p>on both sides of Lincoln Street and the west side of Gibson Street from Calumet Street to Grand River Avenue.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Woodbridge is an intact neighborhood of architecturally significant buildings and has had an important effect on the history of Detroit. The neighborhood, dating to the Victorian era, has largely escaped the redevelopment efforts that have obliterated many of Detroit&#39;s other historic areas. It is named for William Woodbridge, governor of Michigan in 1840–1, who owned a large farm on which much of the neighborhood was subsequently built.</p><br>
<p>Most of the structures within the neighborhood were built after 1870, beginning with modest cottages. Larger structures were built later, including the James Scripps house (now demolished and turned into a city park), built in 1879. The Eighth Precinct Police Station, built in 1901, was architecturally designed to blend in with the lavish upper-class homes in the neighborhood. As the automotive industry boomed, there was an increased demand for housing in the city of Detroit, and new buildings and apartment houses were constructed behind and between the existing homes in the neighborhood. During World War II, owners rented rooms and divided homes into apartments to house defense industry workers.</p><br>
<p>After the war, residents began leaving the Woodbridge neighborhood for the suburbs. New residents to Woodbridge were less affluent. In the 1960s, the city cleared areas adjacent to the neighborhood to support revitalization. The residents of Woodbridge organized a Citizen&#39;s District Council to preserve the neighborhood, and successfully managed to stabilize and preserve many of the remaining homes. Recent activity has shifted perception of Woodbridge from that of an up-and-coming neighborhood to a hotbed of urban revitalization, with the few properties that come up for sale typically subject to bidding wars.</p><br>
<h2>Notable structures</h2><br>
<p>Notable structures within the Woodbridge neighborhood include:</p><br>
<p>The Eighth Precinct Police Station is located at 4150 Grand River Avenue, and was designated a Michigan State Historic Site in 1973 and listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1974. In 2013, the building was converted to lofts, as part of the ongoing revitalization of Woodbridge.</p><br>
<p>The Northwood - Hunter House (also known as the William Northwood House) is located at 3985 Trumbull Avenue. The house was listed on the National Register of Historic Places and designated a Michigan State Historic Site in 1974.</p><br>
<p>Presently known as Spirit of Hope church, the Trinity Episcopal Church is located at 1519 Martin Luther King Boulevard. The church was designated a Michigan State Historic Site in 1979 and listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1980.</p><br>
<p>The Trumbullplex is a renowned housing collective and showspace that has become an institution and hotbed of creative anarchism, which was created in 1993 when members of the collective established a nonprofit corporation and purchased the property, two Victorian houses on either side of a single-story art space.</p><br>
<p>The Trumbull Avenue Presbyterian Church is located at 1435 Brainard at the intersection of Brainard and Trumbull near Scripps Park. It was listed on the State of Michigan Registry of Historic Sites on June 6, 1977., Boy Scouts of America</p><br>
<p>The Detroit Area Council—later becoming the Great Lakes Council for the Boy Scouts of America that serves the Detroit metropolitan area and covers all of Wayne, Oakland and Macomb counties—chose to build its headquarters in Woodbridge. The facility holds both council and district staff, as well as the National Toyota Scout Shop. Dedicated in September 2003, the service center was largely paid for by the donations of the Dauches; Council Treasurer Irving Rose and his wife, Audrey; and Council Vice President Richard Marsh. The building cost nearly $6 million, including new furnishings, landscaping, and demolition of the old building</p><br>
<h2>Education</h2><br>
<p>Detroit Public Schools operates public schools.</p><br>
<p>Frederick Douglass Academy for Young Men is located in Woodbridge.</p><br>
<h2>Notable residents</h2><br>
<p>Kenneth Cockrel, Jr. - Detroit City Council member, former mayor of Detroit and City Council President</p><br>
<p>Tony Hawk - Professional skateboarder, video game subject, and real estate entrepreneur maintains a second home in the neighborhood.</p><br>
<p>Rose Mary Robinson - Michigan State Representative, former member of the Detroit Charter Revision Commission (in 2009) and former Wayne County Commissioner (one of the first women ever elected, in 1970)</p><br>
<p>Sixto Rodriguez ("Rodriguez") - Folk musician and subject of Academy Award-winning movie Searching for Sugar Man</p><br>
<p>Gary Schwartz - Academy Award nominated filmmaker, animator, artist and educator</p><br>
<p>Previous residents included:</p><br>
<p>George Gough Booth - Publisher of the privately held Evening News Association, co-founder of Booth Newspapers, co-founder of the Cranbrook Educational Community, major benefactor of The Detroit Institute of Arts, and son-in-law of James E. Scripps</p><br>
<p>Ty Cobb - Detroit Tigers outfielder and Major League Baseball hall-of-famer.</p><br>
<p>James E. Scripps - Founder of The Evening News (now The Detroit News) and early benefactor of the Detroit Museum of Art (now The Detroit Institute of Arts, to which he gave one of the first major accessions of early paintings for any American museum. Scripps is the namesake for Scripps Park, a public park in the southern part of the neighborhood.</p><br>
<p>David Stott - Early Detroit millionaire, "Detroit&#39;s Flour King," and namesake for the David Stott Building</p><br>
<p>William Woodbridge - Second Governor of Michigan and United States Senator</p><br>
<p>Alfred F. Stephens - Founder of The Arctic Ice Cream Company 1908 to 1947 and Nizer Laboratories. Grand River and Ash St.</p><br>
<p>Henry Cross The Mayor Of Woodbridge</p><br>
<p>Mount Hombori  is a mountain in Mali&#39;s Mopti Region, near the town of Hombori. At 1,153 meters, it is the highest point in Mali.</p><br>
<h2>Biodiversity</h2><br>
<p>Mount Hombori is an important location for biodiversity in the Sahel, with 150 different species of plants along with various species of mammals, birds, reptiles, and insects on its two-square-kilometer plateau surface.</p><br>
<h3>Flora</h3><br>
<p>In contrast to the surface of the plateau, the surrounding 10,000 square kilometers of flatlands contain only about 200 different species of plants. A major contributing factor to Hombori&#39;s biodiversity is a lack of cattle grazing at the summit, which is protected on all sides by sheer cliffs. For many species of plants, including bombax costatum, Hombori is the northernmost point of their distribution, demonstrating its importance as a haven for many southern species.</p><br>
<h3>Fauna</h3><br>
<p>Mount Hombori is home to some animal species, namely reptiles and birds, but also some species of mammals including the rock hyrax and olive baboon.</p><br>
<h3>Archaeology</h3><br>
<p>Mount Hombori is a significant archaeological site, with caves inhabited more than 2,000 years ago.</p><br>
<p>Maya River  is a river in Khabarovsk Krai and Sakha, Russia. It is a right tributary of the Aldan River of the Lena basin. The length of the river is 1,053 km. The area of its basin 171,000 km&sup2;. The Maya River freezes up in late October and stays under the ice until May. The Yudoma River is one of the biggest tributaries of the Maya. The river is navigable up to 500 km upstream from its mouth.</p><br>
<p>The Maya was part of the river route from Yakutsk to the Okhotsk Coast. Its course is approximately "V"-shaped. The upper Maya runs about 125 mi southwest parallel to the coast between the Dzhugdzhur Mountains and the Yudoma Plateau. About 50 mi from its source the Mati River comes in from the south. From the Mati either the Lama Portage or the Alanchak Portage led to the Ulya River and the coast. Near the southernmost point was the settlement of Nelkan from which a track led over the mountains to Ayan. The Maya flows west for perhaps 40 mi and receives the Maimakan River from the southwest. From here the river flows basically north about 200 mi, receives the Yudoma River from the east and joins the Aldan River at Ust-Maya. From Ust-Maya there was a horse-track to Yakutsk. Eastbound boats that reached Ust-Maya from the Lena River were replaced by smaller boats to continue up the Maya.</p><br>
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<p>The Acarai Mountains   are a wet, forested highland region of low mountains located in the southern part of Guyana. This range lies along the common border between Guyana and Brazil. The Acarai Mountains is one of four mountain ranges in Guyana, the others being the Imataka, Kanuku and Pakaraima mountains. The headwaters of the Essequibo River, the longest river in Guyana, and the Courantyne River, have their sources in this range.</p><br>
<p>This range is home to a single village of Wai-Wais, the descendants of surviving tribes that were once believed extinct.</p><br>
<p>The unnamed high point of this range is located at , and has an altitude of 1,009 m. This range extends to the east, where it becomes the Tumuk Humak Mountains along the border between French Guiana and Suriname.</p><br>
<p>Vamos is a small town and former municipality in the Chania regional unit, Crete, Greece. Since the 2011 local government reform "Kallikratis" it is part of the municipality of Apokoronas, serving as its historical capital. It is situated on a small hill at an altitude of 190 m above sea level, about 25 km from Chania. In Vamos, one can find several restaurants, snack bars and shops in the village, as well as many public services, such as a fully equipped health center, schools, police station and the regional court for the regions of Apokoronas and Sfakia.</p><br>
<p>The village is said to have been founded by Arab invaders during the 8th century, which sought refuge in Crete after being expelled from Andalusia. The first official record of the name (Vamo/Vamu) is found on a map of 1577 made by Francesco Barozzi, and according to the Venetian census of 1583 it had 271 inhabitants. The village followed the fate of the rest of Western Crete when the Ottomans invaded the broader area of Apokoronas in 1646 and remained relatively small until the mid-19th century.</p><br>
<p>According to the Egyptian census of 1834 it is mentioned as Vamos, being inhabited by 30 Christian and 15 Muslim families. Due to its strategic position over the main road from Chania to Rethimno and Heraklion, the village became the seat of a municipality in 1881, and in 1866 Vamos was chosen by Savva Paşa as the capital of the Liva (District) of Sfakia. Within the next years the village went through a period of increased development, which saw the construction of new public buildings with neoclassical elements, such as the Governorate (Konak/Seray), the Ottoman barracks, water tanks and schools, among which the famous Parthenagogio (Girls&#39; School), which today functions as a municipal hostel. Most of the judicial, political and military authorities of the broader area were seated in the village, therefore it is often found in public documents of the era as Saraylıköy, which means "the village with the palace".</p><br>
<p>For exactly the same reason, the village became repeatedly the target of Christian revolutionaries during the numerous Cretan revolts of the 19th century. Many of its buildings suffered great damage during the revolt of 1878, which were restored by Mahmut Paşa in 1892. One of the most renown events, however, is the siege and fall of Vamos to the revolutionaries under Leonidas Malekakis (Papamalekos) during the revolt of 1895-6, an event that forced the Greek government to revise its policy on the Cretan Question and the European Powers to intervene decisively for its settlement. The result was a preliminary treaty between the revolutionaries and the Ottoman authorities in 1896, which was soon to be followed by the last revolt of 1897 and the withdrawal of the Ottoman army, allowing the creation of the Cretan State, a de facto independent state which remained typically under Ottoman suzerainty until the Balkan Wars of 1912-3, when it eventually united with Greece.</p><br>
<p>Right below the main square at the top of the hill, one can find the old quarter of Vamos. A group of locals decided to set up here Vamos SA, an enterprise devoted to preserving local heritage and customs, by encouraging a sustainable form of tourism. In this context, several old houses have been refurbished in order to provide accommodation for visitors, and within the next few years a few tavernas showed up, an art gallery, some picturesque cafés and a general store selling local products.</p><br>
<h2>Vamos municipal unit</h2><br>
<p>The municipal unit Vamos extends over 67.035 km&sup2, and consists of 9 communities. The community Vamos extends over 10.479 km&sup2; and includes the nearby village of Douliana. The municipal unit Vamos consists of the following communities (constituent villages in brackets):</p><br>
<p>Vamos (Vamos, Douliana)</p><br>
<p>Gavalochori (Gavalochori, Aspro)</p><br>
<p>Kaina (Kaina, Platanos)</p><br>
<p>Kalamitsi Alexandrou</p><br>
<p>Kefalas (Kefalas, Drapanos, Palailoni)</p><br>
<p>Kokkino Chorio</p><br>
<p>Xirosterni (Xirosterni, Litsarda)</p><br>
<p>Plaka (Plaka, Almyrida, Kampia)</p><br>
<p>Sellia (Sellia, Likotinarea, Souri)</p><br>
<p>Approximately 3,400 residents inhabit the municipal unit of Vamos.</p><br>
<h2>The historical "Lambrakeion" High School of Vamos</h2><br>
<p>The High School of Vamos was first established in 1901 by the authorities of the Cretan State, being one of the twenty Greek schools established during this era. Although it started with only three classes, it was soon obtained one more in 1911–1912, a fifth one in 1912–1913 and sixth the next year, thus becoming a complete high school. The existent building is the second building of the high school, and it was completed in 1936, with Sifakis being its director. It is located right above the main settlement of Vamos, at exactly the same place where the Ottoman Directorate (Konak) used to be. During World War II (1941–45) the building became a Nazi barracks and headquarters for the province of Apokoronas. In 1949, two more classes were built upon the donation of Dimitrios Lambrakis (ancestor of the Media-Tycoon Christos Lambrakis), and therefore his name was given to the high school, being known as "Lambrakio Gymnasio Vamou".</p><br>
<h2>Historical population</h2><br>
<p>Lake Kournas is a lake on the island of Crete, Greece, near the village of Kournas. It is in the Apokoronas municipality of Chania regional unit close to the border with Rethymno regional unit, 47 km from the town of Chania. Kournas is a fairly large village perched on a hill overlooking the lake.</p><br>
<p>Crete&#39;s only freshwater lake, Lake Kournas, is relatively large, with a perimeter of 3.5 km. Although almost all touristic leaflets say that it is possible to walk around the lake, that is not true. At least not at the end of the rain season (winter). There is a nature preserve on the Southwest of the lake. But there is a rustic road from the North of the lake to the Hills on the West of the lake too.</p><br>
<p>The lake used to be called Korisia after ancient Korion, a city thought to be in the area with a temple to Athena. The lake reportedly used to be full of eels but now is better known for its terrapins and tourism. Tavernas and pedalo rental shops line part of the shore. Overall, however, the lake retains its beauty, the White Mountains reflected in the mirror-like waters. The width, at the point where the landing stage is built, is about 800 m and the water is of a quality to have caused no ill effects to the writer when he swam across.</p><br>
<p>If you stand, barefoot, in the water on the sandy beach, tiny fish will (painlessly) nibble dead skin from your feet for free! This is a treatment, which several tourist shops currently (2012) offer at a price.</p><br>
<h2>Road around Lake Kournas</h2><br>
<p>There are two roads that lead to Lake Kournas. As you drive up from the main local road Eparchiaki Odos Georgioupolis-Kournas you will come across road signs posted Lake Kournas Exit 1 and Lake Kournas Exit 2. On Lake Kournas Exit 1 you will come through an area of ten houses and cottages known as Dimitrouliana Metochi(small village) Geolocation: Latitude: 35.33659Longitude: 24.2783232,19. A unique feature of Dimitrouliana is a group of stone cottages that were built during the Ottoman rule, during the 1700s and possessing Venetian Architecture. Such houses, can be found in many locations in Crete and have central arches made of thick carved stones and wooden lofts to the left and right sides of the arc. One such cottage with a large central arc is Villa Christiana at the Dimitrouliana Metochi. Lake Kourna&#39;s popularity due to its ecosystem, has always been a tourist attraction and many owners have renovated their cottages and homes during the first decade of the second millennium giving an aesthetic look to the area, while preserving the architecture of the structures. The road off the Metochi leads to the lake within 200 meters. As it continues curving along a stretch of the lake, it will come across several isolated restaurants until it reaches to Exit 2 of Lake Kournas. There you can find a more organized structure of taverns and restaurants overlooking the lake. During the tourist season there are pedalos, canoes and sunbed for enjoyment. Leaving the Lake area up the road of Lake Kournas, Exit 2 it leads to the main Eparchiaki Odos of Georgioupolis-Kournas.</p><br>
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<p>Emajõgi (; is a river in Estonia which flows from Lake Võrtsjärv through Tartu County into Lake Peipus, crossing the city of Tartu for 10 km. It has a length of 100 km. The name Emajõgi means "Mother River" in Estonian.</p><br>
<p>The Emajõgi is sometimes called the Suur Emajõgi ("Great Emajõgi"), in contrast with the Väike Emajõgi ("Little Emajõgi"), another river which flows into the southern end of Lake Võrtsjärv.</p><br>
<p>Emajõgi is the second largest river in Estonia by discharge and the only fully navigable river.</p><br>
<h2>Course</h2><br>
<p>The source of Emajõgi is at the northeastern shore of Võrtsjärv at Rannu-Jõesuu, from where the river follows a roughly eastward course towards Lake Peipsi.</p><br>
<p>The course of Emajõgi is divided into 3 distinct sections. In the upper course, from Võrtsjärv to Kärevere bridge, the river flows through large, flat and marshy areas, which are part of Alam-Pedja Nature Reserve. In this heavily meandering section, Emajõgi lacks a clearly defined floodplain – the flooded area spans several kilometres at times and has no definite borders. In the middle course from Kärevere to Kavastu through Tartu, Emajõgi follows a straighter course and flows in a clearly defined, shallow valley mostly a maximum of 10 m deep. The width of the valley in the middle course is 1–1.5 km; in Tartu, it narrows to 800 m. The narrowest section of the valley (400–600 m) is located in the end of the middle course near Kavastu. In the lower course, the river flows through a swampy lowland – Emajõe Suursoo – before emptying into Lake Peipsi at Praaga.</p><br>
<p>The length of the river is 100 km. In 1927, its length was measured to be 117 km. This may have changed somewhat in the 1930s, when the river&#39;s meandering upper course was straightened to allow for easier navigation.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The Emajõgi has been widely used as a waterway and trade route for centuries. In the past, it has also been an obstacle for land transport between Northern and Southern Estonia, because the river flows in a low-lying and swampy valley. Of the few suitable locations for crossing the river, Tartu has the most favourable conditions. Due to its location on the crossing of land and water routes, Tartu became an important trading center in Ancient Estonia.</p><br>
<p>In the 19th century, Emajõgi was actively used for transporting different cargo to Tartu – firewood, timber, hay, fish, and so on. The main type of vessel used was the lodi, a small river barge or sailing ship adjusted for navigation on Lake Peipsi and Emajõgi. Up to 200 barges were anchored in Tartu port at the time. The first steam paddler appeared on Emajõgi in 1843; there were six by 1900.</p><br>
<p>The last river barges disappeared by the mid-20th century. Several new ships were brought to the river in the Soviet era to continue navigation to Pskov, Piirissaar, among other destinations. Fast hydrofoils, which were first introduced in 1960s, operated daily on the Tartu-Pskov route. Traffic on the route ended in 1992. Though attempts have been made to restart it since 1997, it remains closed.</p><br>
<h2>Crossings</h2><br>
<p>Emajõgi is crossed by 10 bridges, the majority of them located in Tartu.</p><br>
<p>The bridges are, in downstream order:</p><br>
<p>Rannu-Jõesuu bridge at the source of Emajõgi on Tartu–Viljandi highway</p><br>
<p>Includes an old bridge currently reserved for pedestrians and local traffic and a new highway bridge completed in 2009.</p><br>
<p>Kärevere bridge on Tartu–Tallinn highway</p><br>
<p>Includes a closed old bridge and a new highway bridge completed in 1999.</p><br>
<p>Jänese railway bridge on Tallinn–Tapa–Tartu railway 7 km northwest of Tartu in Vorbuse</p><br>
<p>Kroonuaia bridge in Tartu</p><br>
<p>Vabadussild in Tartu</p><br>
<p>Vabadussild replaced the Raudsild in 2008.</p><br>
<p>Kaarsild – pedestrian bridge in Tartu</p><br>
<p>Võidu bridge in Tartu</p><br>
<p>Turusild – pedestrian bridge in Tartu</p><br>
<p>Sõpruse bridge in Tartu</p><br>
<p>Ihaste bridge on the Tartu ring road, opened in 2015</p><br>
<p>Luunja bridge on Tartu–Räpina highway in Luunja</p><br>
<p>In addition to the bridges, the only operating cable ferry in Estonia crosses the river at Kavastu, about 10 km downstream of Luunja bridge.</p><br>
<p>Hermits Rest is a structure built in 1914 at the western end of Hermit Road at the south rim of the Grand Canyon in Arizona, United States. The Hermit Trail, a hiking trail that extends to the Colorado River, begins about ¼ mile beyond the shuttle bus stop at Hermits Rest. Hermits Rest also represents the western terminus of the Rim Trail. The location was named for Louis Boucher. Around 1891, Boucher - a Canadian-born prospector - staked claims below present-day Hermits Rest. With help, Boucher carved the aforementioned trail into the canyon, and for years lived alone at nearby Dripping Springs. The main structure currently standing at Hermits Rest was designed by architect Mary Colter. Hermits Rest is the westernmost point on the canyons south rim that is accessible by paved road. It was built as a rest area for tourists on coaches operated by the Fred Harvey Company on the way to the now-vanished Hermit Camp. The building was designed to appear to be a natural stone formation, closely tied to the land. Colter selected furnishings that are included in the National Historic Landmark designation.</p><br>
<p>Hermits Rest is one of four Mary Jane Colter Buildings that, as a set, were added to the National Register of Historic Places and declared to be a National Historic Landmark in 1987. All were designed by Colter and were built for the Fred Harvey Company, which operated restaurants and hotels under contract with the Atchison, Topeka and Santa Fe Railway, parent of the Grand Canyon Railway.</p><br>
<h2>Description</h2><br>
<p>Hermits Rest stands a few feet from the rim of the Grand Canyon, partly buried in an earth mound. The exposed portions of the structure are designed to look like a natural rock formation, apart from the prominent rubblestone chimney. The structure is approached by a path that passes (and originally ran through) a stone arch decorated with a broken bell that Colter salvaged from a Spanish mission in New Mexico. A small porch supported by peeled log posts stands to one side of the outside observation area that overlooks the canyon rim. The low porch roof extends into the interior, which opens up to a double-height space. Opposite the entry, the south wall houses a semi-circular alcove with a fireplace and a raised floor. A snack bar opens on the west side of the space, and the "rug room," where native crafts were sold, is on the east side with its own fireplace. The interior furnishings throughout were chosen by Colter and are part of the historic designation. The overall impression imparted by Colters design is one of antiquity. Colter, when kidded by AT&SF executives about the dark, antique-looking interior, retorted "you cant imagine what it cost to make it look this old."</p><br>
<h2>Historic designation</h2><br>
<p>Hermits Rest is a component of the multi-site Mary Jane Colter Buildings National Historic Landmark, It was incorporated into the National Historic Landmark group on May 28, 1987.</p><br>
<p>Bluff Knoll is the highest peak of the Stirling Range in the Great Southern region of Western Australia . It is 1,099 m above sea level, and is one of only a few places to experience regular snowfalls in Western Australia, with some snow reported in most years. The last heavy snowfall was on 6 October 1992 when 20 centimetres of snow was recorded and light snow was seen at the base, 450 m. Snow fell on three occasions in 2016 after only falling once in 2015.</p><br>
<p>Although Bluff Knoll is sometimes claimed to be the highest point in Western Australia, the highest peak is actually Mount Meharry in Karijini National Park in the Hamersley Range, which is 1,249 m above sea level.</p><br>
<p>Local Aboriginal people, from the Qaaniyan and Koreng groups (or tribes), who wore kangaroo skin cloaks in cold weather, called the mountain Pualaar Miial, meaning "great many-faced hill" or place of "many eyes". The Noongar people treat it with foreboding and prefer to avoid its rocky ridges, which are woven with tales of malevolent witches. The mountain is often shrouded in a mist which curls around the peaks and floats into the gullies. Local people believed this to be a spirit named Noatch (literally meaning "dead body" or "corpse").</p><br>
<p>Climbing Bluff Knoll, a round trip of about 6 km, takes three to four hours, and can be achieved by anyone with a reasonable level of fitness. It is important to be well prepared for the trek, especially in the colder months as many people have been exposed to the cold weather during climbs. Water is essential during summer as dehydration is a common problem for hikers. Many rescues have been performed by local State Emergency Service (SES) units. Hikers who fall and injure themselves may be unable to return to the base unaided. They may also become fatigued or fall victim to the elements. It is possible to ascend the face of the bluff with rock climbing equipment, or abseil down it, though it is very dangerous and preparation is vital.</p><br>
<p>The view from the summit encompasses the Stirling and Porongurup mountain ranges, as well as the coast near Albany.</p><br>
<p>The lower slopes are dominated by young Eucalypts which can catch fire following lightning strikes such as one that set the forest alight in 2010.</p><br>
<p>The mountain as well as the rest of the Stirling Range were formed as Australia broke away from Antarctica. When both the continents began to separate a rift gradually opened. In the first stage of rifting, it began to open in the west, then later the eastern section began to open. The two continents pivoted slightly at a point in the west, which squeezed the sediments at the western end of the break against the Yilgarn block, which forced the sediments up to form the range. The sedimentary rocks that were folded up are 1.2 billion years old. The rocks on the range are mostly sedimentary such as sandstone, quartzite, slate and shale.</p><br>
<p>The peak was given its name by Governor James Stirling as the highest point in the Stirling Range.</p><br>
<h2>Footnotes</h2><br>
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<p>Georgioupoli  is a resort village and former municipality in the Chania regional unit, Crete, Greece.</p><br>
<p>Since the 2011 local government reform it is part of the municipality Apokoronas, of which it is a municipal unit. The municipal unit has an area of 53.498 km&sup2;. It is located 43 km east of Chania, about 22 km west of Rethymno and about 100 km west of Heraklio in the Apokoronas region. It was named after Prince George of Greece, high commissioner of the island in the last years of Ottoman occupation.</p><br>
<h2>Geography</h2><br>
<p>Georgioupolis is found at the apex of Almiros Bay on the Sea of Crete, with Cape Drapano and its rocky coast to the north and the long sandy beaches towards Rethimno in the east, just 20 km away. Three rivers meet the sea at the village; the largest, Almiros, creates a small harbour for fishing and tourist boats. The entrance to the village on the old road from Vrisses is a long avenue of eucalyptus trees.</p><br>
<p>Formerly a small fishing village, Georgioupolis is very much a tourist town now, with many cafés, tavernas and small hotels and apartment blocks. The town square is surrounded by outdoor seating used by tourists enjoying their drinks and ice creams. The 9 km beach is the main attraction of the area, with Kalyvaki beach on the other side of the river as well. Nearby Lake Kournas is also a popular excursion by foot, bicycle or tourist train. Georgioupolis is a well-located base for exploring the traditional villages of the area towards Vamos or into the White Mountains to the south.</p><br>
<p>Archaeological evidence points to Georgioupoli as the site of ancient Amphimalla (Amfimala or Amfimalion), the port of Lappa, a classical city at modern Argyroupoli.</p><br>
<h2>Municipal unit</h2><br>
<p>Georgioupolis, with 513 residents at the 2001 census, is the largest village of the municipal unit of the same name, covering several other villages inland as far as Kournas. The town hall of Georgioupoli municipality is at Kavros-Kournas. The mayor until 2006 was Georgios Papadakis. Ferdinandos Marikakis was elected as mayor on 15 October 2006. The office was renamed "Deputy Mayor" at the 2010 elections, at which time the office was won by Iosifis (Joseph) "Sifi" Stavroulakis. Since August 2012, he has also held responsibility for all sewerage works in the Apokoronas region.</p><br>
<p>In 2010 the new Kalikratis plan was introduced, bringing all municipalities in Apokoronas, including Georgioupoli, together. On 14 November 2010 Grigoris Markakis was elected mayor of Apokoronas, at the head of the DEKA party, winning after the second round of voting.</p><br>
<h2>Historical population</h2><br>
<h2>International relations</h2><br>
<h3>Twin towns – Sister cities</h3><br>
<p>Georgioupoli is twinned with:</p><br>
<p>- Kärdla, Hiiumaa, Estonia</p><br>
<p>Mount Mihara is an active volcano on the Japanese isle of Izu Ōshima. Although the volcano is predominantly basaltic, major eruptions have occurred at intervals of 100–150 years.</p><br>
<p>Mount Miharas major eruption in 1986 saw lava fountains up to 1.6 km high. The eruption had a Volcanic Explosivity Index of 3, and involved a central vent eruption, radial fissure eruption, explosive eruption, lava flows, and a lava lake eruption. There was also a 16 km high subplinian plume. All of the islands 12,000 inhabitants were evacuated by dozens of vessels consisting of both the military and civilian volunteers.</p><br>
<p>The most recent eruption was in 1990.</p><br>
<h2>Mihara in popular culture</h2><br>
<p>In the realm of fiction, Mount Mihara was the place where the Japanese government imprisoned Godzilla in the movie The Return of Godzilla. Five years later, in the sequel Godzilla vs. Biollante, bombs placed on Mt. Mihara go off and release Godzilla from his fiery tomb.</p><br>
<p>In the novel Ring by Koji Suzuki and its subsequent film adaption, Shizuko Yamamura, the mother of Sadako, predicted that Mount Mihara would someday erupt using her psychic abilities. After a failed psychic demonstration which resulted in Sadako psychically murdering a reporter, Shizuko became depressed and ultimately insane and committed suicide by leaping into the crater of Mount Mihara.</p><br>
<h2>Suicide</h2><br>
<p>From a vantage point near the top of the cone it was once possible to leap into the crater. As a result, the volcano became a popular venue for suicides. Beginning in the 1920s, several suicides occurred in the volcano every week; more than six hundred people jumped in 1936. Authorities eventually erected a fence around the base of the structure to curb the number of suicides.</p><br>
<h2>Bibliography</h2><br>
<p>Night Falls Fast: Understanding Suicide by Kay Redfield Jamison, Vintage Books 2000</p><br>
